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HOW TO READ A
SCHEMATIC
Schematics are our map to designing, building, and
troubleshooting circuits. Understanding how to read and follow schematics is an
important skill for any electronics engineer.
This tutorial should turn you into a fully literate schematic
reader! We’ll go over all of the
fundamental schematic symbols:
Schematic component
overview
Then we’ll talk
about how those symbols are connected on schematics to create a model of a
circuit. We’ll also go over a few tips and
tricks to watch out for.
Suggested Reading
Schematic comprehension is a pretty basic electronics skill,
but there are a few things you should know before you read this tutorial. Check
out these tutorials, if they sound like gaps in your growing brain:
What is Electricity?
What is a Circuit?
Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Ohm’s Law
Schematic Symbols (Part 1)
Are you ready for a barrage of circuit components? Here are
some of the standardized, basic schematic symbols for various components.
Resistors
The most fundamental of circuit components and symbols!
Resistors on a schematic are usually represented by a few zig-zag lines, with
two terminals extending outward. Schematics using international symbols may
instead use a featureless rectangle, instead of the squiggles.
Resistor schematic symbols
Potentiometers and Variable Resistors
Variable resistors and potentiometers each augment the
standard resistor symbol with an arrow. The variable resistor remains a
two-terminal device, so the arrow is just laid diagonally across the middle. A
potentiometer is a three-terminal device, so the arrow becomes the third
terminal (the wiper).
Variable resistor symbols
Capacitors
There are two commonly used capacitor symbols. One symbol
represents a polarized (usually electrolytic or tantalum) capacitor, and the
other is for non-polarized caps. In each case there are two terminals, running
perpendicularly into plates.
Capacitors symbols
The symbol with one curved plate indicates that the
capacitor is polarized. The curved plate represents the cathode of the
capacitor, which should be at a lower voltage than the positive, anode pin. A
plus sign might also be added to the positive pin of the polarized capacitor
symbol.
Inductors
Inductors are usually represented by either a series of
curved bumps, or loopy coils. International symbols may just define an inductor
as a filled-in rectangle.
Inductor symbols
Switches
Switches exist in many different forms. The most basic
switch, a single-pole/single-throw (SPST), is two terminals with a
half-connected line representing the actuator (the part that connects the
terminals together).
Switch symbol
Switches with more than one throw, like the SPDT and SP3T
below, add more landing spots for the the actuator.
SPDT and SP3T symbols
Switches with multiple poles, usually have multiple, alike
switches with a dotted line intersecting the middle actuator.
DPDT symbol
Power Sources
Just as there are many options out there for powering your
project, there are a wide variety of power source circuit symbols to help
specify the power source.
DC or AC Voltage Sources
Most of the time when working with electronics, you’ll be using constant voltage
sources. We can use either of these two symbols to define whether the source is
supplying direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC):
Voltage source symbols
Batteries
Batteries, whether they’re
those cylindrical, alkaline AA’s
or rechargeable lithium-polymers, usually look like a pair of disproportionate,
parallel lines:
Battery symbols
More pairs of lines usually indicates more series cells in
the battery. Also, the longer line is usually used to represent the positive
terminal, while the shorter line connects to the negative terminal.
Voltage Nodes
Sometimes – on really
busy schematics especially – you can
assign special symbols to node voltages. You can connect devices to these
one-terminal symbols, and it’ll be tied
directly to 5V, 3.3V, VCC, or GND (ground). Positive voltage nodes are usually
indicated by an arrow pointing up, while ground nodes usually involve one to
three flat lines (or sometimes a down-pointing arrow or triangle).
Voltage node symbols
Schematic Symbols (Part 2)
Diodes
Basic diodes are usually represented with a triangle pressed
up against a line. Diodes are also polarized, so each of the two terminals
require distinguishing identifiers. The positive, anode is the terminal running
into the flat edge of the triangle. The negative, cathode extends out of the
line in the symbol (think of it as a - sign).
Diode symbol
There are a all sorts of different types of diodes, each of
which has a special riff on the standard diode symbol. Light-emitting diodes
(LEDs) augment the diode symbol with a couple lines pointing away. Photodiodes,
which generate energy from light (basically, tiny solar cells), flip the arrows
around and point them toward the diode.
LED and Photodiode symbols
Other special types of diodes, like Schottky’s or zeners, have their own
symbols, with slight variations on the bar part of the symbol.
Schottky and zener diode symbols
Transistors
Transistors, whether they’re
BJTs or MOSFETs, can exist in two configurations: positively doped, or
negatively doped. So for each of these types of transistor, there are at least
two ways to draw it.
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)
BJTs are three-terminal devices; they have a collector (C),
emitter (E), and a base (B). There are two types of BJTs – NPNs and PNPs –
and each has it’s own unique
symbol.
NPN and PNP BJT symbols
The collector (C) and emitter (E) pins are both in-line with
each other, but the emitter should always have an arrow on it. If the arrow is
pointing inward, it’s a PNP,
and, if the arrow is pointing outward, it’s
an NPN. A mnemonic for remembering which is which is “NPN: not pointing in.”
Metal Oxide Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)
Like BJTs, MOSFETs have three terminals, but this time they’re named source (S), drain
(D), and gate (G). And again, there are two different versions of the symbol,
depending on whether you’ve got an
n-channel or p-channel MOSFET. There are a number of commonly used symbols for
each of the MOSFET types:
Variety of MOSFET symbols
The arrow in the middle of the symbol (called the bulk)
defines whether the MOSFET is n-channel or p-channel. If the arrow is pointing
in means it’s a n-channel MOSFET, and if
it’s pointing out it’s a p-channel. Remember: “n is in” (kind of the opposite of the NPN mnemonic).
Digital Logic Gates
Our standard logic functions – AND, OR, NOT, and XOR – all have unique schematic symbols:
Standard logic functions
Adding a bubble to the output negates the function, creating
NANDs, NORs, and XNORs:
Negated logic gates
They may have more than two inputs, but the shapes should
remain the same (well, maybe a bit bigger), and there should still only be one
output.
Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuits accomplish such unique tasks, and are so
numerous, that they don’t really get
a unique circuit symbol. Usually, an integrated circuit is represented by a
rectangle, with pins extending out of the sides. Each pin should be labeled
with both a number, and a function.
ATmega328, ATSHA204, and ATtiny45 IC symbols
Schematic symbols for an ATmega328 microcontroller (commonly
found on Arduinos), an ATSHA204 encryption IC, and an ATtiny45 MCU. As you can see,
these components greatly vary in size and pin-counts.
Because ICs have such a generic circuit symbol, the names,
values and labels become very important. Each IC should have a value precisely
identifying the name of the chip.
Unique ICs: Op Amps, Voltage Regulators
Some of the more common integrated circuits do get a unique
circuit symbol. You’ll usually
see operation amplifiers laid out like below, with 5 total terminals: a
non-inverting input (+), inverting input (-), output, and two power inputs.
Op amp symbols
Often, there will be two op amps built into one IC package
requiring only one pin for power and one for ground, which is why the one on
the right only has three pins.
Simple voltage regulators are usually three-terminal
components with input, output and ground (or adjust) pins. These usually take
the shape of a rectangle with pins on the left (input), right (output) and
bottom (ground/adjust).
Voltage regulator symbols
Miscellany
Crystals and Resonators
Crystals or resonators are usually a critical part of
microcontroller circuits. They help provide a clock signal. Crystal symbols
usually have two terminals, while resonators, which add two capacitors to the
crystal, usually have three terminals.
Crystal and resonator symbols
Headers and Connectors
Whether it’s for
providing power, or sending out information, connectors are a requirement on
most circuits. These symbols vary depending on what the connector looks like,
here’s a sampling:
Connector symbols
Motors, Transformers, Speakers, and Relays
We’ll lump
these together, since they (mostly) all make use of coils in some way.
Transformers (not the more-than-meets-the-eye kind) usually involve two coils,
butted up against each other, with a couple lines separating them:
Transformer symbols
Relays usually pair a coil with a switch:
Relay symbol
Speakers and buzzers usually take a form similar to their
real-life counterparts:
Speaker
And motors generally involve an encircled “M”, sometimes
with a bit more embellishment around the terminals:
Motor
Fuses and PTCs
Fuses and PTCs –
devices which are generally used to limit large inrushes of current – each have their own unique
symbol:
Fuse and PTC symbol
The PTC symbol is actually the generic symbol for a
thermistor, a temperature-dependent resistor (notice the international resistor
symbol in there?).
No doubt, there are many circuit symbols left off this list,
but those above should have you 90% literate in schematic reading. In general,
symbols should share a fair amount in common with the real-life components they
model. In addition to the symbol, each component on a schematic should have a
unique name and value, which further helps to identify it.
Name Designators and Values
One of the biggest keys to being schematic-literate is being
able to recognize which components are which. The component symbols tell half
the story, but each symbol should be paired with both a name and value to
complete it.
Names and Values
Values help define exactly what a component is. For
schematic components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors the value tells
us how many ohms, farads, or henries they have. For other components, like
integrated circuits, the value may just be the name of the chip. Crystals might
list their oscillating frequency as their value. Basically, the value of a
schematic component calls out its most important characteristic.
Component names are usually a combination of one or two
letters and a number. The letter part of the name identifies the type of
component – R’s for resistors, C’s
for capacitors, U’s for
integrated circuits, etc. Each component name on a schematic should be unique;
if you have multiple resistors in a circuit, for example, they should be named
R1, R2, R3, etc. Component names help us reference specific points in
schematics.
The prefixes of names are pretty well standardized. For some
components, like resistors, the prefix is just the first letter of the
component. Other name prefixes are not so literal; inductors, for example, are
L’s (because current has already
taken I [but it starts with a C…electronics
is a silly place]). Here’s a quick
table of common components and their name prefixes:
Name Identifier Component
R Resistors
C Capacitors
L Inductors
S Switches
D Diodes
Q Transistors
U Integrated Circuits
Y Crystals and
Oscillators
Although theses are the “standardized” names for component symbols,
they’re not universally followed.
You might see integrated circuits prefixed with IC instead of U, for example,
or crystals labeled as XTAL’s instead of
Y’s. Use your best judgment in
diagnosing which part is which. The symbol should usually convey enough
information.
Reading Schematics
Understanding which components are which on a schematic is
more than half the battle towards comprehending it. Now all that remains is
identifying how all of the symbols are connected together.
Nets, Nodes and Labels
Schematic nets tell you how components are wired together in
a circuit. Nets are represented as lines between component terminals. Sometimes
(but not always) they’re a unique
color, like the green lines in this schematic:
Example of nets on a schematic
Junctions and Nodes
Wires can connect two terminals together, or they can
connect dozens. When a wire splits into two directions, it creates a junction.
We represent junctions on schematics with nodes, little dots placed at the
intersection of the wires.
A node
Nodes give us a way to say that “wires crossing this junction are connected”. The absences of a node at a
junction means two separate wires are just passing by, not forming any sort of
connection. (When designing schematics, it’s
usually good practice to avoid these non-connected overlaps wherever possible,
but sometimes it’s
unavoidable).
Example of connected an disconnected nodes
Net Names
Sometimes, to make schematics more legible, we’ll give a net a name and label
it, rather than routing a wire all over the schematic. Nets with the same name
are assumed to be connected, even though there isn’t a visible wire connecting them. Names can either
be written directly on top of the net, or they can be “tags”,
hanging off the wire.
Linked name tags
Each net with the same name is connected, as in this
schematic for an FT231X Breakout Board. Names and labels help keep schematics
from getting too chaotic (imagine if all those nets were actually connected
with wires).
Nets are usually given a name that specifically states the
purpose of signals on that wire. For example, power nets might be labeled “VCC” or “5V”, while serial communication
nets might be labeled “RX” or “TX”.
Schematic Reading Tips
Identify Blocks
Truly expansive schematics should be split into functional
blocks. There might be a section for power input and voltage regulation, or a
microcontroller section, or a section devoted to connectors. Try recognizing
which sections are which, and following the flow of circuit from input to
output. Really good schematic designers might even lay the circuit out like a
book, inputs on the left side, outputs on the right.
Example of a sectioned schematic
If the drawer of a schematic is really nice (like the
engineer who designed this schematic for the RedBoard), they may separate
sections of a schematic into logical, labeled blocks.
Recognize Voltage Nodes
Voltage nodes are single-terminal schematic components,
which we can connect component terminals to in order to assign them to a
specific voltage level. These are a special application of net names, meaning
all terminals connected to a like-named voltage node are connected together.
Annotated voltage node example
Like-named voltage nodes –
like GND, 5V, and 3.3V – are all
connected to their counterparts, even if there aren’t wires between them.
The ground voltage node is especially useful, because so
many components need a connection to ground.
Reference Component Datasheets
If there’s something
on a schematic that just doesn’t
make sense, try finding a datasheet for the most important component. Usually
the component doing the most work on a circuit is an integrated circuit, like a
microcontroller or sensor. These are usually the largest component, oft-located
at the center of the schematic.
Resources and Going Further
That’s all there
is to schematic reading! Knowing component symbols, following nets, and
identifying common labels. Understanding how a schematic works opens up the
whole world of electronics to you! Check out some of these tutorial, to
practice your new-found schematic knowledge:
Voltage Dividers - This is one of the most basic,
fundamental circuits. Learn how to turn a big voltage into a smaller one, with
just two resistors!
How to Use a Breadboard - Now that you know how to read
schematics, why not make one! Breadboards are a great way to make temporary,
functional, prototype circuits.
Working with Wire - Or, skip the breadboard and jump
straight into wiring stuff up. Knowing how to cut, strip, and connect wire is
an important electronics skill.
Series and Parallel Circuits - Building circuits in series
or parallel requires a good understanding of schematics.
Sewing with Conductive Thread - If you don’t want to work with wire, how about building an
e-textiles circuit with conductive thread? That’s the beauty of schematics, the same schematic
circuit can be built in a number of different ways with a number of different
mediums.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SKILL
License
Controlling The Real World With Computers
::. Control And Embedded Systems .::
How to Read a Schematic
In general terms, a circuit can be described as any group of
electrical or electronic devices connected together by conductors. Conductors
are most often metallic, and wires were the conductor of choice in the past.
Old radios and other electronic equipment were often a rat's nest of wires.
Today, it's more common to find metallic pathways, often called traces, on a
board constructed of a mixture of fiberglass and epoxy. The terms board and card
are interchangeable.
A schematic in electronics is a drawing representing a
circuit. It uses symbols to represent real-world objects. The most basic symbol
is a simple conductor, shown simply as a line. If wires connect in a diagram,
they are shown with a dot at the intersection:
Conductors that do not connect are shown without a dot, or
with a bridge formed by one wire over the other:
Among the connections are power and ground, the high and low
system voltages respectfully. The 5 volt system power in the schematic is shown
simply as 5V. There is also a +12V supply and a -12V supply. Ground, or 0
volts, has its own symbol:
A switch is a device that is capable of allowing the user to
break the circuit as if the wire had been broken. Its symbol reflects this
characteristic:
The three switches in the diagram are grouped in a Dual
In-line Package (DIP).
A resistor is a device that resists the flow of charge. Its
symbol reflects this characteristic by making the line jagged:
Just in case you have seen "flow of current"
elsewhere rather than "flow of charge", see "Science Myths"
in K-6 Textbooks and Popular culture and the definition of current below.
The unit of resistance is the ohm, pronounced om with a long
o. The K in the schematics stands for kilohm or thousands of ohms. 10K means
the same as 10,000. Meg and sometimes M mean megohm or million ohms. 4.7Meg or
4.7M is the same as 4,700,000.
You will see two variations on resistors in the schematic.
One is the resistor array or network. It is a Single In-line Package (SIP)
containing several resistors connected together. They can be found in many
configurations. The one used here simply connects one end of the resistors to
each other and brings them out to a common connection. The other end of each
resistor is left free. Another variation is the variable resistor. It has a
third contact that can move along the resistor element to permit the values at
that point to be variable. The moveable part is called the wiper and is shown
as an arrow.
There is a relationship between voltage, current and
resistance that is expressed by Ohm's Law, which says that Voltage is equal to
Current times Resistance, or:
V = I * R
V is voltage (often referred to as Electromotive Force where
E rather than V is used), I is current and R is resistance. Current is
expressed in Amperes, or amps for short. Very little current is used in typical
electronic circuits, so milliamps, which means 1/1000 amp, is used. One
milliamp = .001 amp. It's abbreviated ma, or sometimes MA.
To paraphrase a definition of charge from whatis.com :
"The coulomb (symbolized C) is the standard unit of
electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It is a
dimensionless quantity. A quantity of 1 C is equal to approximately 6.24 x
1018, or 6.24 quintillion."
"In terms of SI base units, the coulomb is the
equivalent of one ampere-second. Conversely, an electric current of 1 amp
represents 1 C of unit electric charge carriers flowing past a specific point
in 1 second. The unit electric charge is the amount of charge contained in a
single electron. Thus, 6.24 x 1018 electrons have 1 C of charge. This is also
true of 6.24 x 1018 positrons or 6.24 x 1018 protons, although these two types
of particles carry charge of opposite polarity to that of the electron."
Since we deal mostly with electrons in electronics, 1 amp
represents the effect of 6,240,000,000,000,000,000 electrons flowing past a
point per second. Thus, since current is already defined as something flowing,
to say "current flow" would be to say "..... flowing flow"
which is incorrect because it is redundant.
Now let's say we have a 10K resistor and 2 milliamps of
current. The voltage across the resistor will be:
V = 10,000 * .002 = 20 volts
We can use the above equation to generate an equation for
each of the three variables. It requires remembering just two things:
1. It's ok to do something to one side of an equation as
long as the same thing is done to the other side. The two sides will remain
equal.
2. Anything divided by itself is equal to 1.
Start with the original equation:
V = I * R
Now divide both sides by R. Since R/R = 1, the right side
now becomes I * 1 which is simply I, giving us V/R = I. If we switch sides and
put the I on the left we end up with:
I = V/R
Again, start with the original equation:
V = I * R
Now divide both sides by I. Since I/I = 1, the right side
now becomes R * 1 which is simply R, giving us V/I = R. If we switch sides and
put the R on the left we end up with:
R = V/I
Thus, all three equations are:
V = I * R
I = V/R
R = V/I
One way to remember the three equations is to say, "The
Vulture looks down and sees the Iguana and the Rabbit side by side (V = I * R),
the Iguana sees the Vulture over the Rabbit (I = V/R) and the Rabbit sees the
Vulture over the Iguana (R = V/I)."
A very common circuit is a voltage divider. It looks like
the following:
Two resistors connected end-to-end are said to be connected
in series. The total resistance is simply the sum of the two. In this case, it
would be 22000 + 33 = 22033 ohms. If 1 volt is applied to the open end of the
22K resistor, the current through the whole circuit would be
I = V/R = 1/22033 or .00004538646576 amps, or about .05
milliamps.
The voltage across the 33 ohm resistor is then
V = I * R = .00004538646576 * 33 = .00149775337 volts, or
about 1.5 millivolts (1/1000 volt).
Resistors are also often connected in parallel , such as
below:
The value of the above parallel network is:
R = 1/(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)
The equation is good for any number of resistors.
Capacitors are devices which have metal plates separated by
an insulator. They are used to temporarily store an electrical charge. Their
symbol reflects their construction:
The unit of capacitance is the Farad, but it's so large that
the microfarad is used in practice. Microfarad means millionths of a Farad.
It's often abbreviated mf, MF or some variation, although the correct
abbreviation is µF. A value without a designator is assumed to be in
microfarads. For example, in the schematic you will see several capacitors
simply designated .1. They are actually .1µF capacitors.
Some capacitors must have their leads connected to the
positive or negative side of a circuit. They are polarized capacitors. When
that is the case, one side will be shown with a + sign where the positive side
must be, or a - sign where the negative side must be, or both.
It's also very common to see picofarads abbreviated pf in
some schematics. A picofarad is 10-12 Farad, and is sometimes called a
micromicrofarad.
A diode permits the flow of charge in only one direction.
Its symbol reflects this characteristic, but with a slight problem:
Anode Cathode
The slight problem comes from the fact that flow of charge,
at least in a wire, is from where there are a greater number of electrons to
where there are fewer. Electrons are negatively charged. Thus, electrical flow
of charge is from negative to positive in a wire. The problem with the symbol
is that the cathode, not the anode, is the negative side. Electrical flow of
charge is from the cathode to the anode, against the direction of the arrow.
Integrated Circuits contain many individual components.
They, in turn, usually form several functional blocks. For example, the
following is a pinout for the 74LS08 Quad 2 Input AND gate, along with its
truth table. VCC is the 5 volt supply, and GND is ground. Sometimes ground is
shown as VSS. The gate inputs are the As and Bs, and the outputs are the Ys.
Thus, the inputs to gate 1 are 1A and 1B, and the output is 1Y. You will see
variations on these conventions, but they hold true in many cases.
An Operational Amplifier also contains many individual
components, but is not a digital circuit. It looks a little like a buffer, but
has 2 inputs:
You can find a more detailed treatment of operational
amplifiers at Professor Douglas M. Gingrich's site at The University of
Alberta. For a simplified coverage of the subject, look at the circuit below.
An Op-Amp has many important characteristics. One of them is
that the above circuit, called an inverting amplifier, attempts to prevent any
current through the inverting input. In this circuit, R1 connects to the
inverting input. R2 also connects to the inverting input, with its other end
connected to the output. R2 is called the feedback resistor. Let's attempt to
drive a current through the inverting input by placing 1V on the unconnected
end of R1 and assume that the right end has 0 volts on it. The current will be
I = V/R = 1/1K = 1ma
The output will try to counter this by driving a current of
the opposite polarity through the feedback resistor into the inverting input.
The required voltage to do that will be
V = -(I * R) = -(1ma * 10K) = -10V.
Thus, we get a voltage to current conversion, a current to
voltage conversion, a polarity inversion and, most importantly, amplification.
Amplification or gain is commonly labeled G. In the case of the inverting
amplifier,
G = -(Feedback Resistor / Input Resistor)
In this case, it's G = -(R2/R1)
Since the feedback cancels out the input, there is no
voltage at the inverting input. It is said to be at virtual ground .
Now look at the circuit below from the schematic you will
see in the hardware section.
The gain is a little over -1000 in order to provide enough
amplification for the low output of a microphone. The signal is not only
amplified but inverted because we are going into the inverting input. The
inversion however, is not quite the same as it is in a digital device. Here, we
are talking about an audio analog signal that, once transformed into an electrical
signal by the microphone, moves much more smoothly and continuously in the
negative and positive voltage directions. Inversion here means that when the
input moves in the positive direction, the output moves in the negative
direction. When the input goes toward negative, the output goes toward
positive. C1 prevents DC voltages from even getting into the circuit. This
blocking action will be discussed in a future section.
The non-inverting side is designated by the +. It is there
that a positive offset voltage is applied. If R1 were not connected to C1 but
rather to ground, the non-inverting side would exhibit a gain of (R2/R1)+1 for
the bias voltage. With C1 however, there is no DC gain for the non-inverting
side, and AC is shorted to ground by C2. The result is a gain of 1 on the
non-inverting side for DC voltages. The purpose of the bias circuit will be
covered in the next section.
The following is a self-test over this section. It would be
a very good idea to make sure you know the answers to all of the questions
since the sections that follow will build on this one.
1) _____ is a drawing that represents a circuit.
A) Switch
B) Schematic
C) Ground
D) Diagram
2) A _____ is a device that allows the user to break the
circuit.
A) Scissors
B) Schematic
C) Resistor
D) Switch
3) A _____ is a device that resists the flow of charge.
A) Resistor
B) Buffer
C) Diode
D) Microfarad (or µF;)
4) The unit of resistance is the __1__ . The relationship
between voltage, current, and resistance is expressed by __2__ .
A) Buffer, Amplifier
B) Capacitors, Diode
C) Ohm, Ohm's Law
D) Circuits, Switch
5) The __1__ is the unit of current. If there is very little
current, it is expressed as __2__, which means 1/1000th.
A) Amperes (or Amps), Milliamps (or Ma or ma)
B) Volts, Milliavolts
C) Picofarads (or pf), Microfarads (or µF;)
D) Amplifier, Circuits
6) _____ are devices which have metal plates separated by an
insulator. They temporarily store an electrical charge.
A) In Series
B) Cathode
C) Capacitors
D) Microfarad
7) What permits the flow of charge in only one direction?
A) Anode
B) Diode
C) Cathode
D) Schematic
8) _____ contain many individual components and usually form
several functional blocks.
A) Schematics
B) Diodes
C) Amplifiers
D) Integrated Circuits
9) The _____ also contains many components, but is not a
digital device.
A) Inverting Amplifier
B) Operational Amplifier
C) Volt
D) Electron
10) This is
__________________________________________
11) This is
__________________________________________
12) This is
__________________________________________
13) This is
__________________________________________
14) This is
__________________________________________
15) This is
__________________________________________
16) This is
__________________________________________
17) Ohm's Law: __________________________________________
18) I = 4, R = 10 so V = ________________ ________________
19) V = 12, R = 6 so I = ________________ ________________
20) I = 75, V = 150K Volts so R = ________________
________________
Answers
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Copyright © 2000, Joe D. Reeder. All Rights Reserved.
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How do you test a transistor using cathode ray oscilloscope?
It's possible to test the transistor using Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope (CRO)
CRO provides a function called "Component
Testing". Just connect the transistor terminals between two pins provided
by this function and you can observe the patterns on the CRO screen. Normally,
in case of transistor, The operation is divided in few parts.
01. Observe the pattern for CB configuration.
---- For this, connect the terminals from CRO between this
Collector and Base terminals and you can observe the pattern shown by CRO.
Same procedure should continue for CE & BE configuration
so as to test the transistor.
LAPTOP MOTHERBOARD POWER ON DETAIL
V2000/m200/dv1000 power on steps detail signals with diagram
and step explanation
3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, IMVPOK, CLK_EN# CPURST,
HP, CQ40 series power on boot process signals and chip
detail
AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR 3DE-PWR
PWR-S5-EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW RSMRST-SB
#BT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP-S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG
PLT-RST
Dell laptop d600 boot process main signals detail
+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN +,
+ DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK
+5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO #
SUS_ON +3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN,
M7_MEM, M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH
RESET_OUT # VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD
VTT_PWRGD # DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD
IBM T40 POWER BOOT DETAIL SIGNALS
VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE
Component Level Motherboard Repair (Not replacement)
1) How do you diagnose the exact component failure?
Obviously, a burn mark is a dead give away, but what if
there are no visual signs? Do you poke around with a multi-meter? With what
voltage settings and how do you know what to look for?
2) Is it usually a bad capacitor?
badcaps seems to think so. What about a bad connection?
3) How do you perform the component level repair?
So you've found the bad capacitor or component, can you
really solder a new one on without hurting the components around them? What's a
good soldering iron for under $100?
Answers to your questions
Diagnose problem:
This is the hardest part in notebook repair. Basically, we
measure voltages on motherboard and there are few power supply range from 1V to
12V on the motherboard. For example, north bridge needs 1.05V, 1.2V, 1.5V,
1.8V, 2.5V, depends on model of north bridge.
We also measure all sort of signals, such as PCIRST, CPURST,
CLK. We measure the resistances of each AD line from north bridge to CPU/RAM.
We watch the current changing patterns to get rough idea
where is the problem.
There are some simple steps to follow when checking a
notbook motherboard:
1. make sure main system powers are ready, that is 3V and
5V.
2. switching circuit is ok, which involes IO/Keyboard
controler, south bridge
3. power sequence is ok, which you can see the current jump
up and down for few times.
4. all the necessary signals are not missing.
About Bad Cap
It happens but only about 10% in those motherboards need to
repair, and it is the easiest fault to repair not matter if the cap was burnt
or not.
Loose connection
Mostly happen on VGA chips, south birdges and the places
close to CPU. Hard to troubleshoot and need lot experiences.
How to repair?
You need specialised tools. I have DC power supply which can
display current change and set to different voltage and current output. You
need Really nice soldering station, SMD rework station, BGA rework station,
etc. I also have more than thousand schematic diagrams, all together about 10GB
and you could not find anywhere in the net.
I have seen the video in youTub teach people how to fix VGA
problem, and I guess you only have 30% chance if you follow it. My BGA rework
station tutorial can perform up to 95% successful rate.
Troubleshooting Dead HP G6000 Motherboard
Things that are likely worth solving:
Bad capacitors. Decently common and the parts only cost a
few cents.
Most of the ICs on board... 4-20 pin jobbies such as the
power ic do fail and are swappable for less than a buck or so
Blown fuses. Easy to diagnose easy to replace. This is a
definite.
Any and all damaged jacks. Power and audio being the most
commonly broken.
Resistors. easy to find easy to replace. cost is in pennies
Transistors and diodes can be more problematic to diagnose
and fix but they too are cheap and swappable with just a soldering iron.
Obviously you can swap cpus so you should be able to
diagnose that as well.
Case Study 1
"Machine: HP G6000(same mainboard as V6000)
Problem: Laptop will not power up, completely dead
Description: The machine has been water damaged. It does not
have system standby power, which are 3V and 5V.
Finding The Fault:
Check Max8724(the battery charging chip) first, because to
make system has standby power this chip must work correctly. This is a 28 pin
chip, we only need to test 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11 pin. They are VIN(main power for
chip), LDO(provide 3.3V for chip itself in order to set REF voltage, also
provide signal to drive 2 MOS to charge battery), REF(set reference voltage of
the chip), SHDN#(enable/disable chip, a switch), ACIN(indicate the power supply
has plugged in), ACOK#(power adaptor ok with mainboard).
Everything ok except 10 pin, ACIN is 0V. This is incorrect,
mainboard doesn’t detect
there is an adaptor! Trace it backward and find it is very simple – mainboard use 2 resistors to
pull the input voltage(19V, directly from dc socket) down to about 4V, so test
the first resistor and find it opened. Change it and 3V/5V power come up and
mainboard be able to switch on.
Then the trouble start when I try to charge the battery. The
charging current never go beyond 0.15A and after 10 seconds the charging light
start to flashing. Also can’t switch on
from battery. First, change Max8724, still same problem. Next check all the
resistors around max8724 and change it if it has any sign of watering, still no
good. Then change KB3926(EC/KBC, chip monitors the statue of battery), still
same.
Decide to check MBDATA and MBCLCK, 2 signals that send
battery information from battery to KB3926 before I give up. I find the MBDATA
is short!
Finally, find there are 2 pins stick together on CN10(the
connector of multimedia switch board). Fix it and it start to charging battery.
Switch on with power adaptor, ok. Remove the power adaptor once switch on,
battery keep the mainboard running, ok. But still can’t switch on from battery once remove the power
adaptor. Think, think, do I miss something here or there? Oh, the CMOS battery
not installed, put the CMOS battery back and everything work perfectly. The
battery part of troubleshooting takes me about 3 hours.
Remember, system may not run if you don’t have CMOS battery or CMOS battery is low for some
AMD cpu mainboard.
Case Study 2
"Machine: Acer 4600
Problem: Laptop will not power up
Discription: The machine wont turn on when customer bring
in.
1. plug in our power supply and it shows short circuit on
board, the current jump to the 5A, which is the limit of my power supply.
2. take off the mobo, drop the voltge of power supply to 5v,
limit current to about 1A, plug in again and find a mos very hot.
3. replace this mos, now the short circuit fixed.
4. turn on, the current goes up to 0.3A and stopped, it
should go up to 1A during booting.
5. touch cpu, not hot, no power to cpu.
6. check the cpu pwm, which is max1907a. all conditions to
make it work are present, but still no power output. the ref voltege is 0. so
most likely this chip gone.
7. I replace the chip and everything work fine.
For lots of unknow brand laptops, sometimes very hard to
find drivers. I don't know how many people know there is a trick to install a
similar driver.
Machine: TPG (can't see the model clearly)
Could not find the driver, TPG web site only point to Asus
web site and doesn't give which model it clone from Asus. We can't find vga
driver.
We use Everest to check what vga chip it use and find it is
ATI IGP 320M U1. Download few from different web sites, all of them just give a
message said could not find hardware it supports.
Finally, download a driver from fujitsu web site for the
lifebook S2020(same vga chip and south bridge chip as TPG's). But still give
the error message said no support hardware find.
Every device has a Device Instance ID, and windows will
compare this ID with driver's INF. It will install the driver if it find a
match ID and match SubSys, otherwise will give an error message.
We check the driver for S2020, find the string
"PCI\VEN_1002&DEV_4336&SUBSYS_118110CF" in one of the INF
file. We also find the Device ID on our machine is
"PCI\VEN_1002&DEV_4336&SUBSYS_2029161F&REV_00". Device ID
is matched but just into different sub system. Replace the string in S2020's
INF with our Device ID string, driver is installed correctly and no error
message.
Dell inspiron 6400 with a power problem.
Laptop can't run nor charge the battery on adapter, but on
battery it's run.
This is typical protection circuit problem. check the 2
mosfet just after power socket
Charging problem
C700's charging chip is 39A126, DV6000/9000's charging chip
is max8724 or max8725. Check the working conditions of those chips. such as
VIN, ACIN, ACOK, LDO, REF, SHDN.
Charging problem is second hardest problem on notebook
repairing, the first one is signal level –
everything looks ok but just no display.
usb no power
The following solution only apply that usb no power, if the
usb device get power but can't be detected or can't be recognised by system,
that indicates south bridge problem.
To get power for usb is very simple. use multimeter to find
out which usb pin is ground, the pin on the other side will be the power. for
example say pin 4 is ground so pin 1 will be the power.
connect power pin to 5v you can find on motherboard, usually
a big inductor(becareful, when you measure the voltage, put battery in as well,
some mobo the inductor for charging circut give you 5v if you don't put battery
in but jump to battery voltage once you put in the battery, such high voltage
will burn your usb devices). connect it on the different side of inductor that
mosfet connect to(or should I say power out side?) so you can get smooth
waveform, don't connect to the same side of mosfet(this is power in side).
Dark image on the screen , just very hard to see, a torch
will show it is there though).
When we fix such problem, usually we do the following:
1. find an known good lamp or screen, plug into inverter see
if its light up. if it lights up so you need to change your screen's lump.
2. if it not light up, do following:
a. check power(either 5V or 19V), enable signal(3V),
brightness control(3V) are presented. (all testing by done with adaptor plug
in).
b. if all those presented, then change inverter otherwise
c. need to find out which wire is power, which is enable,
which is brightness people find hard in here because they don't know how to
find out which is which.
Power always connect to fuse (also need to check fuse is
ok). for the other two, you need to check inverter pwm's datasheet to make
decision. Just start from pwm's EN and Brightness pin, trace back to connector.
After you find out, make sure all these wires has normal resistance to ground,
otherwise you have to cut off the wire that abnormal. Then try to find exact
voltage from mobo and connect to inverter, by doing this you are not really fix
the problem but bypass it. It is a easy to work around it rather than fix
problem.
Q. The first step to troubleshooting is monitor the current
change. usually, current reading can tell what was wrong and quite accurate.
You frequently mention monitoring the current change to pinpoint the area of
failure. Can you please describe this troubleshooting technique in more detail
with some guidelines and numbers to look for?
A. To understand why current changing, you may need to know
the basic powering states of notebook –
which is called ACPI standard –
S0 to S5.
S0 is full runing state, S5 is state that after you swith
off laptop but with either power or battery presented. out off topic here, the
S5 is the state after you shut down computer not the state you just plug in the
power. Power button is for wake up computer from S5 and enter into S3. In ACPI
standard, to switch on computers you need a signal "RSMRST". It
explains why some laptops auto switch on if there is no CMOS battery, because
its EC send RSMRST when power plug in. But you need push power button to switch
on laptop if there is CMOS battery, because laptop remembers it is in S5 state.
Powering up a laptop can be divided into few parts, first
check south bridge's gpio defination, check communcation between bios and south
bridge, check system ram, power cpu, power up vga. so you can see the current
goes up and down. step by step it reaches to full power.
Current changing monitor is just give you rough idea,
sometimes not so accurate. let's see 2 examples:
1. a hp 530, power up but stay on 0.68A. it should go down a
bit after 0.68A, and up again. The faulty mobo current change is 0.02 – 0.3 -0.68. After we see this
current, we know it may have problem on SB or may be on NB but most likely is
SB.
I check LPC 0 to LPC 3, no signal find. it may have problem
on SB or BIOS. So I flash the BIOS before I do anything on SB. It was fixed
after I reflash BIOS.
2. DV9000. Normal mobo: 0.01 – 0.3 -0.9 –
1.1 – 0.9 – 1.2 -1.45 then display. we find faulty mobo
0.01-0.3-0.9-1.1-0.9, by checking DMI Link we find there is one or two pulses.
So we have an idea that it already pass memory checking, the next stage is VGA
checking and active VGA output. In here, if it stop in 1.1 it most likely NB or
SB problem, but if it stop in 0.9 or after, it may be the problem of VGA.
Current changing gives you an idea about where is the fault
but not 100% accurate. People ask me what fault by just give me the current
reading and I always say you need to give me the changing states, how many
jumps that current made.
Machine will run on charger with battery removed instal the
battery and it will only run on the battery not the charger
Looks like discharging has problem. When discharging mosfet
has problem, or the Gate voltage not correct, the 18V of main power will
directly go to battery.
The current will be very large when you have short
discharging mosfet, if you plug charger in and have battery installed at same
time. Laptop will detect this abnormal current and refuse to start up. Remove
either one, machine can start up.
How to diagnose motherboards on a component level. What
tools needed?
I find it is very hard to explain this. actually, it is very
simple and can be described in two words: current and singal. read the current
change during booting tells you where the machine stopped. check the singals on
the different part of motherboard tells what is wrong or what is missing.
Tools are: smd rework station, bga rework station, power
supply has current meter. all the rest tools you can find in any radio tv
repair shop, of course all the datasheets for the components, especially the
schematic diagram, you will find it much difficult without it.
What are common faults on mainboards? Do certain components
fail?
Is there a trend as to which parts fail quite often?
Different maker/model has different common fault. Toshiba S1
is vga chip, and can't be repaired(well, almost can't be repaired because the
pcb quality is not very good so successful rate is very low).
HP DV2000, 6000, 9000, compaq v3000, v6000, dell 1210, all
those use nvidia chips have problem on vga chip or north bridge. easy to repair
but have to make fan keep spinning after repaired, otherwise will break down in
1 or 2 week again.
hp nx5000, cpu pwm chip dry joint. acer 290, cpu pwm dry
joint. hp dv1000, compaq m2000 protection circuit easy to blow up. ibm t40 vga
dry joint problem.
These are just few of them. every machine has its own common
fault. but dry joint is the common problem for all machines.
How to replace the graphics card on a dell 1420, the gfx
card is a nvidia 8400gs
To fix such machine, first you have to do bga reworking on
the chip, then connect fan to usb power to make it spin faster and non stop.
also need to cut off fan controling wire.
could short on PQ8 make gate voltage high on both mosfets?
what do i need to check to find out why voltage is 19.36v.at
gate
i have tested PQ8 and PQ9.results are as follows. PQ8 is
AO4407. pin 1,2,3 is 19.37v. pin 5,6,7,8 is 19.36v. pin 4 gate is 19.37v.
PQ9 is AO4407. pin 1,2,3 is 19.37v. pin 5,6,7,8 is
11-12.00v. pin 4 is 19.37v.
i have set meter on diode mode and put positive on pin 2-3
and negative on 6-7 the meter beeps and shows resistance of 0.6 ohms,then i
reversed the positive – negative
,meter beeps again shows resistance of 0.6.it beeps both ways. this is PQ8.
i have done same as above with PQ9 and it shows resistance
of 25kohm both ways.
Solution GATE PQ8 PQ9 Should be coneccted in the same line
(trace) , if PQ8 is burn please check also PQ19 , another ao4407 are conected
in the same DRAIN SOURCE , you need to remove from mobo and test in continuity
or 200 Ohms scale , if you see 0 –
10 Ohms betwen drain source is burn sure , check then PQ19 . You need 19v at
PQ9 pin 5,6,7,8 but if PQ8 is burn not work . PU4 ISL6251 is the charger IC.
Toshiba sattelite P200-1JV laptop.it runs on battery without
any problem.
it does not run with a/c. does not charge battery.
Solution first check all mobo marks to found mobo model and
if you can found the schematic , then you need to found one mosfet 8 pin sop8
that is conected directly to DC JACK , and then found the next mosfet conected
with the first mosfet , when you conect AC you need this 2 mosfet open ,
19volts at DRAIN SOURCE , and about 8-10volts at GATE to open , usually is
controled by the IC charger circuit , maybe have a short in AC circuit side or
IC charger not recognize the adaptar and no open mosfets .
Having problems whit dell xps M1530
Dont do nothing when press power button , ACAV_IN is present
at Q5 Q6 (3.2V) i have DCBATOUT but 3v and 5v not present , i check DCBATOUT
for U69 TPS51120 and is OK , then check VREG3 VREG5 and also work fine , but i
dont have 3V/5V_EN to activate outputs , Q17 is not in mobo only pads , D16
have 0.06v at 3V/5V_EN and 3.3v at PURE_HW_SHUTDOWN# , maybe need S5_ENABLE to
activate 3v and 5v ? what you think about the next step to check ? maybe some
signals in KBC WPC8763L .
Solution At the moment the TPS51120 is working , use power
supply to put 2.5V in D16 3V/5V_EN and the 3V 5V outputs go enable . find why
S5_ENABLE and 3V/5V_EN are low .
My D505 may power on boot OK or may have following
condition.
a)LED flash
b)"da.da.da....." sound.
Solution If you know the bios manufacturer, the beep code
will tell you where the failure is.
So the number of beeps and the duration of each beep is a specific
code from the bios to let you know what it couldn't start – like video, memory, cpu etc.
The north bridge dry joint, it is common fault of this
model. BGA reworking on north bridge, and replace the north bridge if bga
reworking doesn't work.
It's a Toshiba Satellite A205-SP4077, Core 2 Duo. While
replacing cracked LCD tried several panels with no success.
Then noticed LVDS RX2- signal from motherboard is missing.
Solution The north bridge dry joint, it is common fault of
this model. BGA reworking on north bridge, and replace the north bridge if bga
reworking doesn't work.
A friend has an Acer, one of the alphabetic keytops has come
off. It doesn't appear to be broken, but I'm having trouble clipping it back
on. It's a weird double hinge, something like a Thinkpad, which I've fixed
before (easily). Any insight into mechanical aspects of keyboards?
Solution First, put the retainer(or what you said
"hinge") onto the keyboard base, then put the key on the top,
slightly press down and lock the key on the retainer.
I currently have a HP DV6000 sitting in front of me with
several rows of black/grey lines over the screen. Is it worth trying to fix
yourself or should I just send it in for a warranty repair
Solution Send for warranty if it is still in warranty. To
complete solve this problem, you need to replace Nvidia chip which was made
after 30th week of 08.
A friend opened up his notebook to give it a clean but when
he put it back together the bios is not finding the hard drive Solution Make
sure you plug hard disk firmly.
It could be the problem of south bridge, the south bridge
controls hdd. I have seen many times that clean cpu fan and end up with non
working laptop.
I have a problem with a toshiba tecra M9 I bought the
notebook on ebay. The seller said it was dropped, worked for a few days and
then died.
Solution The common problem of this model is vga chip dry
joint. check the hdd light flashing or not, it should be the vga if it flashes.
Note: The hardest repair laptop is dropped one, even harder than
watering. The south bridge, north bridge and vga chip all could be dry joint.
To fix such machine, I always resolder those big chips, sometimes it works and
sometimes it is not. There is no good way to fix such machines, just simply
take the chance.
Laptop has crashed and when you boot, the screen is split so
there are 2 identicle screens vertically (1 above the other). It wont boot
normally or last good config but will boot safely with networking but if it
boots like this, wouldnt that suggest a hardware/bios issue.
Do you think if I heat up the VGA chip (or SB or NB) then
the solder will melt and get fixed?
If so, what should I use to heat it up?
Solution I am not suggest you do that unless you have bga
rework station. The temperature control must be very strickly. But if you want
to take the chance, I suggest you use 2 hot air guns, one from top, one from
buttom. Set the top temperature to 350, set the buttom to 300 and blow it about
10 min.
In the case you want to go ahead with such project. you must
firmly fix both air guns and motherboard, not let them move when you blow the
hot air. Use a little stick to touch the capacitors or resistors around the big
chips, keep blowing about 5 min when the solder on small components reflowed.
Don't forget to apply flux between big chips and pcb board. don't set buttom
temperature too high, otherwise the components on the buttom may fall off. Good
luck.
To be honest with you, I have less than 10% successful rate
for dropped machines even I have a bga rework station. The watering boards I
have more than 70% successful rate.
I have an issues with my girlfriend's old Acer Travelmate
3260 (bought 2007), the power input pin has broken and it no longer gets any
power to the system. This gradually happened over time with it getting looser
and not charging properly.
Do you have the schematic for this model and also do you
have instruction on how to replace the power socket, plus where to buy the
component from?
Solution You don't really need schematic for such repair
job. The DC jack you can find on ebay, I think someone in uk sell all type of
jack. you also can attach a cable if you couldn't find such jack, and such
connector can be easily found in online.
Dual screen problems
Solution First, I don't think it is a good idea to use dual
screens on laptop, you put extra loading onto the vga chip.
Second, the external monitor flicking means vga card try to
setup the display mode and resolution on the monitor. It will be stable once it
set the display mode and resolution.
Vga overheating
Solution There is overload to vga chip.
I still remember that back about 3 years ago I saw people
modified their IBM Thinkpad, they use QXGA(resolution is 2048x1536) to replace
original sxga(1400x900). The result of doing this is vga chip get overheat and
kill machine fast, usually not over one year. But for the people can do such
modify is no problem to fix their motherboard – resolder the vga chip, or replace vga chip.
The more calculation of vga chip carried, the more heat it
generated. Think about how many calculation jobs that vga chip has to do in
your situation, not only the internal lcd, but also the external lcd. Much more
than those people change lcd from sxga to qxga.
DV6000 laptop power switch problem
Solution The power switch from DV9000 is same as DV6000.
There is other way to switch on your machine and you will know if is ribbon
cable problem or m/b problem. It is handy if you have a multimeter. The
switches of most laptop ( include dv6000) are just pull a voltage to the ground
and send a signal to EC (most people call it keyboard controller). So check
your ribbon cable connector on the motherboard, on the 3rd pin( can't remember
from left or right, but it doesn't matter you can try both) it should have
3.3V, short this pin to the ground and your machine should power up. Don't
worry you wouldn't damage anything even you short every pin on the connector to
the ground.
Q. I have a Gateway P-6825 Laptop that has no backlight on
LCD. I have bought 2 inverters 2 LCD cables I have tons of screens no matter
what I get no backlight. It works perfect on external monitor and you can see
it come on the LCD but the screen will not light up.
Also what is the normal input power to the inverter as well.
A. Inverter board input power sometimes is Vin or B+, close
to AC adapter voltage. You may check if is there a fuse in the LCD connector
path. I'd suggest you search for the inverter IC datasheet. For inverters using
OZ960 there is an input called ENA which must be 3.3V for enable inverter and
another called DIM which is 3V for full brightness. Hope this helps.
Q.I have a Toshiba Satellite Pro A300, just tried to use the
dvd rom and it's not working, it won't acknowledge any dvd's, It won't even
open, last time I used the dvd rom several months ago everything worked fine
and the notebook has not been moved,
A. If the dvd drive it's ok (u should test it in another
laptop), it's for sure a chipset problem (the chip that controlls the drive
also, it's the intel ICH8M the U33A on the schematic/board).I will exclude a
connection port problem if the laptop hasn't fallen or something like that.If
drive is ok, try a reflow of that chip, should solve your problem.
Q.Is a Toshiba Satellite L355-D-S7901, motherboard
6050A2175001-MB-A02, after POST starts to beep continously like a stuck key.
I've tried even with bare motherboard (no keyboard connected). Will appreciate
any idea.
A. check capcitors that keyboard connected, or check
keyboard controller.
How to check sony protection circuits
SONY VGN-NS11S MBX-195 M790 Rev 1.1 1P-0087J04-8011
PCG-7141M ,
Sony's protection circuits are hard to troubleshoot. It is
involed too many components. About mbx-165 protection circuits:
1. Power pass PF1 becomes DC_IN, at this point, Max1909
start to work. ACIN, DCIN high, LDO 5V, REF 2V(must have, can't remember
exactly voltage). Max1909_PDS low to drive PQ25 (don't know exactly voltage,
but lower than DC_IN).
2. PQ25 convert DC_IN to DC_IN_MOS. Here comes the hardest
to troubleshoot of sony protection circuit.
PQ26's gate must be low and it was a signal call DC_IN_G1.
So where this DC_IN_G1 from? In normal situation, it max1909_pds through a
resistor. Now, you have 19V of this signal that is abnormal.
we check it by few steps:
1. check pc3, is it short?
2. ac_off_3# is high? if it is high, check check PQ31, PQ20,
PR116, PR119, PR120.
3. ac_off_3# is low? check the ac_off_3# signal, many
components involved: DC_IN part from PD2 to AC_OFF_3#. From input of PU13 (2nd
pin, max1909_LDO) to PQ24A, PQ59, PQ24B.
I hate sony's protection circuit, too many troubles. Last
time I fix one of such problem on sony mobo is PD2 leaking, spend me almost 5-6
hours. And solution of it? Just remove the PD2, which means it does not matter
if there is PD2 or not the mobo still working. Extra protection means extra
troubles and faults.
Q. uSb power problem
A. The following solution only apply that usb no power, if
the usb device get power but can't be detected or can't be recognised by
system, that indicates south bridge problem.
To get power for usb is very simple. use multimeter to find
out which usb pin is ground, the pin on the other side will be the power. for
example say pin 4 is ground so pin 1 will be the power.
connect power pin to 5v you can find on motherboard, usually
a big inductor(be careful, when you measure the voltage, put battery in as
well, some mobo the inductor for charging circut give you 5v if you don't put
battery in but jump to battery voltage once you put in the battery, such high
voltage will burn your usb devices). connect it on the different side of
inductor that mosfet connect to(or should I say power out side?) so you can get
smooth waveform, don't connect to the same side of mosfet(this is power in
side).
Q. My Lenovo SL400 screen went dark (image there, just very
hard to see, a torch will show it is there though).
A. When we fix such problem, usually we do the following:
1. find an known good lamp or screen, plug into inverter see
if its light up. if it lights up so you need to change your screen's lamp.
2. if it not light up, do following:
a. check power(either 5V or 19V), enable signal(3V),
brightness control(3V) are presented. (all testing be done with adaptar plug
in).
b. if all those presented, then change inverter otherwise
c. need to find out which wire is power, which is enable,
which is brightness. people find hard in here because they don't know how to
find out which is which.
Power always connect to fuse (also need to check fuse is
ok). for the other two, you need to check inverter pwm's datasheet to make
decision. Just start from pwm's EN and Brightness pin, trace back to connector.
After you find out, make sure all these wires has normal resistance to ground,
otherwise you have to cut off the wire that abnormal. Then try to find exact
voltage from mobo and connect to inverter, by doing this you are not really fix
the problem but bypass it. It is a easy to work around it rather than fix
problem.
Q.
1. Is there a popular model of power supply that you can
recommend?
2. Do you use mini-grabbers to attach power supply to laptop
or do you have a collection of common dc plugs?
3. How do you use with Dell laptops that have a third wire
to identify the power supply?
A.
I just burn one power supply today, this is 4th one I have
burnt in last 3 years. Lucky it was not connected to any laptop when it was
burnt. It's output voltage was jump from 19V to 50V, at this voltage all
laptop's power circuits will burn throuhg, I have 3 laptops burnt before.
There is no popular model as I know, but at least 5A/30V.
Get a industrial grade if it possible, becuase non-industrial grade power
supply can't even run a laptop for more than one hour, or you face the risk to
burn your power supply – in turn it
will burn the laptop. It is sufficent for repairing job but not enough for
machine testing. It must have MA reading, because sometimes the reading is less
than 0.01A.
I have all the collection of DC plugs, made from faulty
chargers.
Ignor the 3rd pin of dell charger, it is only for PS_ID,
only use for charging battery. Without this PS_ID machine still run but just
can't charge. But some old dell like 5150 will not work our power supply, lucky
we don't have any such machines to fix.
Q.
1. Is there a "generic" current profile for
laptops or does each laptop have it's own unique current profile?
2. In your example for DV9000, you say "0.01 – 0.3 -0.9 – 1.1 –
0.9 – 1.2 -1.45 then display"
Can you explain what happens at each current change state?
3. Do you need a power supply that logs the current or does
it change slow enough to visually monitor the different current states?
4. If a laptop gets power but no video, how do you isolate
the failure between northbridge,southbridge,SIO,bios?
A.
1. Every laptop has its unique current profile. But although
the reading is different, the up and down (jumping) are similiar.
2. The dv9000's current reading may not very accurate, I
suggest you first move the ram away and see how the current changing, then put
back the ram and check it again.
3. not very fast, your eyes can catch the changes.
4. this is a big question, may need a full text book to
explain it. The simple answer for this question: a. current reading, b. LPC
wave, c.SMB wave. we have explain the current reading before. LPC waves are
measured on EC, if you can't find LPC wave, that means no communication between
EC and SB, PLTRST present or not, if is not then SB problem, etc. SMB waves are
measured on ram slot, communication between ram and northbridge, H_RESET
present or not, if it is not then NB. There are also so many signals need to
check, can't remember what are them now.
I think the hardest fault for beginner is why the laptop not
power up, not the faults after it powers up.
lets see the example how we troubleshoot a non-powering
machine,:
Model:acer 5737
EC: kbc926
sympton: can't power up
checked: 3ALW, 5ALW presented
1. check the power button has power or not, press it to see
if pull down the voltage.
2. check kbc926's 32 pin, which is on/off see the signal
received.
3. EC_VCCA is high?
4. check EC_RSMRST is high?
5. LID_SW# is high?
6. ACIN is high?
7. EC_CRY is correct?(32.76Khz)
8. South bridge crystal correct( which is X4, also 32.76KHz)
9. PBTN_OUT pull low when you press power button?
if all above have no problem, consider the south bridge
fault. for this machine, there is a single bridge – south bridge/north bridge/vga combined. North
bridge's functions are mostly taken over by CPU.
Q.
This laptop will run on ac charger it wilL NOT run on full
charged battery.
A.
This is what we called protection circuit fault.
Looks like discharging has problem. When discharging mosfet
has problem, or the Gate voltage not correct, the 18V of main power will
directly go to battery.
The current will be very large when you have short discharging
mosfet, if you plug charger in and have battery installed at sametime. Laptop
will detect this abnormal current and refuse to start up. Remove either one,
machine can start up.
Please Note:
The first step to troubleshooting is monitor the current
change. usually, current reading can tell what was wrong and quite accurate.
CPU faulty is rarely happened. I only see no more than 5 to
8 cpu faulty during 10 years.
CPU kills motherboard happen on me once, and that
motherboard in turn to kill another good CPU, and this is p3 cpu.
Don't worry about cpu, 99% chance it is good.
Try to do this, find a current meter, cut off the wire of
power adaptor, connect current meter to the wire. The meter must be able to
read at least 0.01A.
Repair parts
Do not turn fault detection method and sequence
1. Check the working conditions of the three CPU
l Power Supply
l clock
l Reset
2. Remove the BIOS chip select pin 22 check whether the
signal transition
3. Test for BIOS, search the line connected with the BIOS
4. Charles ISA, PCI, on the data lines, address lines (and
AD), interrupt and other control lines (this can be a direct reflection of
north and south bridge problem)
5. Charles AGP, PCI, CPU Block North Bridge on the way to
determine whether the normal resistance
l CPU core voltage power supply
2 FET bad, open or short circuit
2 short-circuit filter capacitor (electrolytic capacitor)
2, no output voltage IC
No 12V power supply
voltage IC bad
Break
2 CPU voltage related to minor short circuit
2 bad of a field effect transistor, the output voltage
becomes lower
2, no effect on the feedback circuit
2 Output voltage and low voltage IC
l VID 0-4, (+5 V voltage)
2, no output voltage IC
2 and the exclusion bad CPU Blocks
2 Break
l VTT 1.5V
2 bad power FET
2 VTT1.5V a right to short-circuit
2 FET power supply is not normal
2 FET bad
l clock
2 CPU Clock Tower and the open circuit between IC
2, no output clock IC
2 and output filter capacitor connected to the bad (10 PF)
2 power supply is normal 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V
2 All no output or no output half
2 from the crystal oscillator 22 is to determine if the bad
skin
2 have electricity, IC bad
2, no power, check supply the relevant line
2 IC bad
2 half check for abnormal
l Reset
Low Voltage Reset 2: Bad Northbridge
2 There was no reset voltage
? North Bridge North Bridge without welding or reset false
? Disconnect the line connected with the North Bridge
2 are reset: continuous line with the North Bridge
2 No Reset: Reset generation circuit check
Boot display and related failures to judge
1. Display the information and memory card capacity
2. Shows the motherboard model, manufacture date, BIOS
version of the content
3. Shows the main frequency of CPU, (FSB and multiplier)
1) CPU Block bad
2) Jumper Settings Error
3) North Bridge and CPU line between Block
4. Memory capacity
1) bad memory
2) bad memory slot
3) Northbridge bad
4) memory slots poor contact
5. IDE interface status
1) not detected
i. signal line and the hard disk, CD-ROM
ii. IDE Interface needle
iii. Southbridge bad break
2) detection of errors
i. hard drive, optical drive signal line
ii. IDE interface issues
iii. Southbridge bad
iv. Clear CMOS
6. Floppy
1) Setting error
2) signal line and the floppy drive
3) Floppy Interface
4) I / O bad
5) South Bridge bad
7. Keyboard, mouse
1) The keyboard, mouse, bad
2) The relevant line (exclusion, inclusion and exclusion,
inductors, resistors, I / O)
3) keyboard lock (CMOS, keyboard lock-related lines)
4) South Bridge, or to break or short circuit between the
South Bridge
8. Sound card
1) not detected
i. CMOS off (clear CMOS)
ii. sound card and crystal (no waveform voltage one high and
one low)
iii. Supply (78L05)
2) noise
i. input power supply filter capacitor
ii. the output filter capacitor
iii. sound bad
iv. Southbridge bad
9. USB, COM ports, printer port, game port
1) interface bad
2) The power supply is not normal
3) signal line in question
4) I / O or the South Bridge
Memory-related failure to judge
1. Read less memory
? Slot bad
a) bad shrapnel Contact: oxidation, stretch out of control,
open
b) short circuit burned out groove: two-pin short circuit,
damaged
? Memory-related lines: one slot short circuit; power
supply; clock; ranks gating; lines are open; data line; address line; control
line; Northbridge bad (most of the relevant line with the North Bridge)
2. Digital jump incomplete
C0-C1-C3-C5 (no C3 and C5, are related to line problems)
3. Memory error
? Memory bad
? Access to good
? Slot problem with the line between the North Bridge
4. Into 98 missing characters: the bad memory
5. After the crash into the 98: the bad memory
6. AGP slot short circuit - effect Northbridge, RAM
7. BIOS error or data loss
? Virus infection
? Upgrade fails
? Power supply does not
Note: The clock IC are sometimes not read memory
Diagnosis of Different motherboards have different number of
cards to go, often have the following three kinds:
1:00-C0-C1-C3-0b-0d-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
2: FF-C1-1d-2b-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
3: FF-d3-d4-0b-2A-31-3d-4E
Sound Card Trouble
1. Power Supply
78L05 12V power outlet to the three-terminal regulator input
pin, the output is 5V voltage to the IC card
2. IC card to work should be hot
1-12 feet which is more important, including the power
supply, crystal oscillator, two feet, the control signal
3. Crystal
24.576MHz, next to two small capacitor 22PF
? Have a power waveform
? Into the 98 after a wave
? Only level, no wave, one high and one low voltage
4. PA
Just the sound card output audio signal amplification
(amplifier sound bad cause little noise, no sound)
Failure of some of the problems caused by sound card
1. Power Supply
2. Crystal
3. Sound card chip
4. PA
5. Sound card and amplifier small capacitor around
6. CMOS setting error will cause silent, not the sound card
installed
7. BIOS Bad
NOT NEED THE MOTHERBOARD SERVICE MANUAL FOR
ASUS,GIGABYTE,MSI FOLLOW ABOVE STEPS
MOTHERBOARD REPAIR
maintenance information
Repair parts
Do not turn fault detection method and sequence
1. Check the working conditions of the three CPU
l Power Supply
l clock
l Reset
2. Remove the BIOS chip select pin 22 check whether the
signal transition
3. Test for BIOS, search the line connected with the BIOS
4. Charles ISA, PCI, on the data lines, address lines (and
AD), interrupt and other control lines (this can be a direct reflection of
north and south bridge problem)
5. Charles AGP, PCI, CPU Block North Bridge on the way to
determine whether the normal resistance
l CPU core voltage power supply
2 FET bad, open or short circuit
2 short-circuit filter capacitor (electrolytic capacitor)
2, no output voltage IC
No 12V power supply
voltage IC bad
Break
2 CPU voltage related to minor short circuit
2 bad of a field effect transistor, the output voltage
becomes lower
2, no effect on the feedback circuit
2 Output voltage and low voltage IC
l VID 0-4, (+5 V voltage)
2, no output voltage IC
2 and the exclusion bad CPU Blocks
2 Break
l VTT 1.5V
2 bad power FET
2 VTT1.5V a right to short-circuit
2 FET power supply is not normal
2 FET bad
l clock
2 CPU Clock Tower and the open circuit between IC
2, no output clock IC
2 and output filter capacitor connected to the bad (10 PF)
2 power supply is normal 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V
2 All no output or no output half
2 from the crystal oscillator 22 is to determine if the bad
skin
2 have electricity, IC bad
2, no power, check supply the relevant line
2 IC bad
2 half check for abnormal
l Reset
Low Voltage Reset 2: Bad Northbridge
2 There was no reset voltage
? North Bridge North Bridge without welding or reset false
? Disconnect the line connected with the North Bridge
2 are reset: continuous line with the North Bridge
2 No Reset: Reset generation circuit check
Boot display and related failures to judge
1. Display the information and memory card capacity
2. Shows the motherboard model, manufacture date, BIOS
version of the content
3. Shows the main frequency of CPU, (FSB and multiplier)
1) CPU Block bad
2) Jumper Settings Error
3) North Bridge and CPU line between Block
4. Memory capacity
1) bad memory
2) bad memory slot
3) Northbridge bad
4) memory slots poor contact
5. IDE interface status
1) not detected
i. signal line and the hard disk, CD-ROM
ii. IDE Interface needle
iii. Southbridge bad break
2) detection of errors
i. hard drive, optical drive signal line
ii. IDE interface issues
iii. Southbridge bad
iv. Clear CMOS
6. Floppy
1) Setting error
2) signal line and the floppy drive
3) Floppy Interface
4) I / O bad
5) South Bridge bad
7. Keyboard, mouse
1) The keyboard, mouse, bad
2) The relevant line (exclusion, inclusion and exclusion,
inductors, resistors, I / O)
3) keyboard lock (CMOS, keyboard lock-related lines)
4) South Bridge, or to break or short circuit between the
South Bridge
8. Sound card
1) not detected
i. CMOS off (clear CMOS)
ii. sound card and crystal (no waveform voltage one high and
one low)
iii. Supply (78L05)
2) noise
i. input power supply filter capacitor
ii. the output filter capacitor
iii. sound bad
iv. Southbridge bad
9. USB, COM ports, printer port, game port
1) interface bad
2) The power supply is not normal
3) signal line in question
4) I / O or the South Bridge
Memory-related failure to judge
1. Read less memory
? Slot bad
a) bad shrapnel Contact: oxidation, stretch out of control,
open
b) short circuit burned out groove: two-pin short circuit,
damaged
? Memory-related lines: one slot short circuit; power
supply; clock; ranks gating; lines are open; data line; address line; control
line; Northbridge bad (most of the relevant line with the North Bridge)
2. Digital jump incomplete
C0-C1-C3-C5 (no C3 and C5, are related to line problems)
3. Memory error
? Memory bad
? Access to good
? Slot problem with the line between the North Bridge
4. Into 98 missing characters: the bad memory
5. After the crash into the 98: the bad memory
6. AGP slot short circuit - effect Northbridge, RAM
7. BIOS error or data loss
? Virus infection
? Upgrade fails
? Power supply does not
Note: The clock IC are sometimes not read memory
Diagnosis of Different motherboards have different number of
cards to go, often have the following three kinds:
1:00-C0-C1-C3-0b-0d-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
2: FF-C1-1d-2b-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
3: FF-d3-d4-0b-2A-31-3d-4E
Sound Card Trouble
1. Power Supply
78L05 12V power outlet to the three-terminal regulator input
pin, the output is 5V voltage to the IC card
2. IC card to work should be hot
1-12 feet which is more important, including the power
supply, crystal oscillator, two feet, the control signal
3. Crystal
24.576MHz, next to two small capacitor 22PF
? Have a power waveform
? Into the 98 after a wave
? Only level, no wave, one high and one low voltage
4. PA
Just the sound card output audio signal amplification
(amplifier sound bad cause little noise, no sound)
Failure of some of the problems caused by sound card
1. Power Supply
2. Crystal
3. Sound card chip
4. PA
5. Sound card and amplifier small capacitor around
6. CMOS setting error will cause silent, not the sound card
installed
7. BIOS Bad
NOT NEED THE MOTHERBOARD SERVICE MANUAL FOR
ASUS,GIGABYTE,MSI FOLLOW ABOVE STEPSHere Attach Some Most Problem in Desktop
Motherboard
May be some debug card can't display same LED status All error
Referance from Standard Debug Card.
Debug card LED can glow using bit voltage (Because of Mobile
LED)
Debug Card :
4Digit P.O.S.T Debug card Ver. PI0050A
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bios Can't Execute POST.
LED
STATUS
RST
OFF
OSC
FRAME
OFF
CLK
ON
BIOS
ON
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
Solutions:
Any of One or More Following Parts Not Working. Check All
Parts Step by Step.
Most common problem on dead motherboard Reprogramme Bios,
Check all mosfet, voltage regulator ic's, track cut or dry solder, I/O
Controller ic, Northbridge, Southbridge.
CPU Can't Heat.
LED
STATUS
RST
ON
OSC
FRAME
OFF
CLK OFF
BIOS
ON
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
Solutions:
Any of One or More Following Parts Not Working. Check All
Parts Step by Step.
Mismatch CPU or CPU not Support, VRM Buck Controller
ic,(ADP,RT,ISL,Etc.) VRM Mosfet Open, track cut or dry solder, VRM capasitor
and coil filter, I/O controller can't execute VID Signal for Buck Controller
(only for jumperless board), North Bridge Short or Open.
Some 775 socket Motherboard Buck Controller Power
Supply ic APW7120,RT9214,UP6321
North Bridge Power on Problem
LED
STATUS
RST
ON
OSC
FRAME
ON
CLK
ON
BIOS
OFF
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
Solutions:
Any of One or More Following Parts Not Working. Check All
Parts Step by Step.
Between the PCI slot and northbridge Mosfet open,
Northbridge drysolder, Northbridge not working, track cut.
Hold POST Code
LED
STATUS
RST
OFF
OSC
FRAME
ON
CLK
ON
BIOS
ON
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
Solutions:
Any of One or More Following Parts Not Working. Check All
Parts Step by Step.
Track cut, dry solder, Bios currupt, mismatch cpu and ram
frequancy, i/o controller, mosfet, clock ic, Northbridge, Southbridge.
RESET PROBLEM
LED
STATUS
RST
ON
OSC
FRAME
OFF
CLK
ON
BIOS
OFF
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
Solutions:
Any of One or More Following Parts Not Working. Check All
Parts Step by Step.
Reset Problem means not any one or more controller ic can
reset it self before execute post code.CPU, I/O Controller, Clock IC, Mosfet
,Buck Controller ic, Voltage Regulator ic's, Northbridge, South Bridge.
Memory Problem
Solutions:
Clean Memory Slot & Memory , ram power supply , network
resister between the gmch and ram slot , cpu , bios reprogramme .
Motherboard Display Ok
Motherboard Working ok condition LED Status
LED
STATUS
RST
ON After 1 Second OFF (Reset Function Always on
after 1 second goes to off )
OSC FRAME
BLINK
(Frame is a Signal of DATA so it is always Blinking)
CLK
ON
(Clock is a 14 Mhz Crystal IC on signal it is always on)
BIOS
ON
(Bios or IRDY is a same Signal it is Always on)
ALL
VOLTAGE
ON
(All Volt Indicate SMPS all Supply Work Properly. Always on)
LAPTOP POWER SUPPLY
LAPTOP MOTHERBOARD POWER ON DETAIL
V2000/m200/dv1000 power on steps detail signals with diagram
and step explanation
3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, IMVPOK, CLK_EN# CPURST,
HP, CQ40 series power on boot process signals and chip
detail
AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR 3DE-PWR
PWR-S5-EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW RSMRST-SB
#BT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP-S4
ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST
Dell laptop d600 boot process main signals detail
+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN +,
+ DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK
+5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO #
SUS_ON +3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN,
M7_MEM, M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH
RESET_OUT # VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD
VTT_PWRGD # DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD
IBM T40 POWER BOOT DETAIL SIGNALS
VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE
Component Level Motherboard Repair (Not replacement)
1) How do you diagnose the exact component failure?
Obviously, a burn mark is a dead give away, but what if
there are no visual signs? Do you poke around with a multi-meter? With what
voltage settings and how do you know what to look for?
2) Is it usually a bad capacitor?
badcaps seems to think so. What about a bad connection?
3) How do you perform the component level repair?
So you've found the bad capacitor or component, can you
really solder a new one on without hurting the components around them? What's a
good soldering iron for under Rs.200?
Answers to your questions
Diagnose problem:
This is the hardest part in notebook repair. Basically, we
measure voltages on motherboard and there are few power supply range from 1V to
12V on the motherboard. For example, north bridge needs 1.05V, 1.2V, 1.5V,
1.8V, 2.5V, depends on model of north bridge. We also measure all sort of
signals, such as PCIRST, CPURST, CLK. We measure the resistances of each AD
line from north bridge to CPU/RAM.
We watch the current changing patterns to get rough idea
where is the problem. There are some simple steps to follow when checking a
notbook motherboard:
1. make sure main system powers are ready, that is 3V and
5V.
2. switching circuit is ok, which involes IO/Keyboard
controler, south bridge
3. power sequence is ok, which you can see the current jump
up and down for few times.
4. all the necessary signals are not missing.
About Bad Cap
It happens but only about 10% in those motherboards need to
repair, and it is the easiest fault to repair not matter if the cap was burnt
or not.
Loose connection
Mostly happen on VGA chips, south birdges and the places
close to CPU. Hard to troubleshoot and need lot experiences.
How to repair?
You need specialised tools. I have DC power supply which can
display current change and set to different voltage and current output. You
need Really nice soldering station, SMD rework station, BGA rework station,
etc. I also have schematic diagrams, all together about 700MB
I have seen the video in youTub teach people how to fix VGA
problem, and I guess you only have 30% chance if you follow it. My BGA rework
station tutorial can perform up to 95% successful rate.
Troubleshooting Dead HP G6000 Motherboard
Things that are likely worth solving:
Bad capacitors. Decently common and the parts only cost a
few cents.
Most of the ICs on board... 4-20 pin jobbies such as the
power ic do fail and are swappable for less than a buck or so
Blown fuses. Easy to diagnose easy to replace. This is a
definite.
Any and all damaged jacks. Power and audio being the most
commonly broken.
Resistors. easy to find easy to replace. cost is in pennies
Transistors and diodes can be more problematic to diagnose
and fix but they too are cheap and swappable with just a soldering iron.
Obviously you can swap cpus so you should be able to
diagnose that as well.
Case Study 1
"Machine: HP G6000(same mainboard as V6000)
Problem: Laptop will not power up, completely dead
Discription: The machine has been water damaged. It does not
have system standby power, which are 3V and 5V.
Finding The Fault:
Check Max8724(the battery charging chip) first, because to
make system has standby power this chip must work correctly. This is a 28 pin
chip, we only need to test 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 11 pin. They are VIN(main power for
chip), LDO(provide 3.3V for chip itself in order to set REF voltage, also
provide signal to drive 2 MOS to charge battery), REF(set reference voltage of
the chip), SHDN#(enable/disable chip, a switch), ACIN(indicate the power supply
has plugged in), ACOK#(power adaptor ok with mainboard).
Everything ok except 10 pin, ACIN is 0V. This is incorrect,
mainboard doesn’t detect
Chapter 1 Block diagrams of motherboards, understand
different chips on motherboard
Understanding block diagram of motherboard, connecting
different chip with bus. Address bus, data bus, control bus, CPU, North Bridge,
south bridge, IO controller, audio, lan etc, identify different chips on
motherboards, power supply chips,
Chapter 2 Basic working details of motherboards,
What is the basic requirement to run motherboard , power,
reset clock and software(bios) , different chip required different power and
power with different ampere also each power section generate power,
Chapter 3 A list of tools required for repairing laptops
Soldering iron, screwdriver sets, smd rework, Bga machine,
micro iron, ram cpu wifi slot tester Bios programmer, Ram slot tester,
Different Debug card, Multimeter, Cro, etc
Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop
motherboard
Chapter 4
Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards,
components difference, etc…Power supply
section, 12v 5v 3.3v pgood, pson, sus, 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power
supply,
Chapter 5 Power, reset, clock, frame stage understand
Understand how power is required for each chip and how it’s generated; what clock
frequency is required by each chip and which section generate it
Power stage of laptop motherboard
Chapter 6 Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, etc. PCU MAIN
SUS POWER
How many types of power, how primary voltage is 5v pcu 3.3v
pcu voltage generated from 18v vin , When 5v main and 3.3v main start, when
secondary voltages generated 2.5v and 1.5v generate from 18v , When ram power
supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start, when CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power
supply from VRM section
Chapter 7 How a motherboard starts basic concepts /
Different power stage (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), discharge section, on. off
section
What is process after power supplies reach each chip? When
reset signals start? When power good generate? When motherboard starts to
searching bios,how many types of power stage is there? What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3
,s4 ,s5 power status , what is different between standby, hibernate mode ,
which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage, When discharge
section works, what is the function work of discharging section, Sequence of
motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure
Chapter 8 MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
How to check mosfet? How source and drain are managed by
gate signals? What is dual and single smd mosfet? What is the function of
mosfet in power supply? How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single?
How to replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet? Mosfet used in VRM,
switching power supply, linear output etc example
Chapter 9 Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop
motherboard (Compaq v2000/dv1000)
(3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)
Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips
Chapter 10 Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing ,
with different chips and signals detail
Understanding whole block diagram thru schematic
diagram with page no
CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what are the important signals of
CPU? Understand basic signals of CPU, CPU different power vcccore, connection
of CPU with other chips.
NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge,
Northbridge different power supply, connection with different chips
GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why
graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types of
graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM,
understand basic signals of Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with
north bridge
SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is basic function of south bridge,
Southbridge different power supply, connection with different chips,
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain power control chip in some
models, connection and function of i/o chips
LAN NETWORK CHIP :-
Function of network chip, connection of network chip
AUDIO SOUND CHIP :-
Function of sound audio chip, connection of sound chips
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :-
Type of bios chip , main signals of bios chip, connection with i/o &
southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscillate
frequency to different chip, main signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-
Chapter 11 different power supply chips and signal detail
ALWAYS POWER ON :-
pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
PRIMARY VOLTAGE :-
5V 3V sus , main,
so,,s3, Power
SECONDARY VOLTAGE
:- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus
, main , so s3 s4 power
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm
chip measure vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery
chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing signals of battery
[/accordion]
Chapter 12 LCD & inverter connection
Main signals of LCD, connection from north bridge, how
inverter work, main signals of inverter, use of universal inverter,
[/accordion]
Different power supply section and working detail
Chapter 13 Main PCU voltage signals (always on voltage )
Testing and working of main pcu voltage output, main signals
of pcu voltage, supply of pcu voltage to other chips, different between MAIN
& SUS voltage
Chapter 14 Primary voltage output MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v)
How primary voltage is generated? Main signals of primary
voltage MAIN/SUS, supply of main voltage to different chip
Chapter 15 Secondary voltage output SUS MAIN (2.5v,1.5v)\
How secondary voltage output is generated? Main signals of
secondary voltage
Chapter 16 VRM section & pci Reset signals
How VRM section start, how identify about CPU types, vid
signals, when pci reset signals start, power good signals, etc
Motherboard main signals and power detail
Chapter 17 Power stages of other laptop motherboards main
signals
Understand power on concept of HP LAPTOP motherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR
3DE-PWR PWR-S5- EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW
RSMRST-SB #3 \; z7 o# m8 [/ `+ I& j" Y! ^2 XBT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB
PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP- S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)
Understand power on concept of Dell laptop motherboard
(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN
+, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON
+3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN, M7_MEM,
M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )
Understand power on concept of IBM laptop motherboard
(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)
Testing of motherboard signals cold and warm testing
Chapter 18 Testing with multimeter different signals
How to check all voltage of motherboard? Primary, secondary,
PCU, MAIN, SUS Volt, how to find shorting on motherboard, different test points
to check voltages.
Chapter 19 How to use CRO basic concepts , Testing with CRO
(stepwise)
Types of cro [analog digital], difference between cro, How
to connect to cro, how to use probes of cro, setting of cro, checking dc volt
thru cro, self test of cro, auto setup of cro, how to check frequency of clock
in motherboard?
Chapter 20 Testing outputs and inputs of Mosfets, testing
clock, testing reset signals
Mosfet output and input gate to check with multimeter and
cro [the difference], Checking process of clock using cro and multimeter.
Cleaning motherboard solution steps
Chapter 21 Washing, Cleaning, drying the motherboard
How to wash motherboard to clean, procedure after washing,
how to Dry the motherboard.
Dry solder problem solution steps
Other main problem occurs due to dry solder problems, some
contact of chips or component may dry, what is process? How to solve dry solder
problem, demo of baking oven to dry motherboard, heating using a hair drier,
Chapter 22 Removing and inserting different chips practice
(video & step)
Replacing different ICs, using soldering irons and smd
blower etc…
BGA rework removing and reballing of BGA chip of motherboard
Chapter 23 ICs rebelling, BGA ball arrangement, practice.,
Using BGA machine
Training Using BGA Soldering Station,
Removing BGA Chips and Rebelling It Using Reball Stencil
Two methods
1st by applying balls with help of BGA station
2nd applying liquid paste PPD and heat with BGA blower
Introduction to different BGA machines
Infrared and normal blower, introduction to 3 different
Machine we
Used low end to high end, different method of reboll a chip,
why is reballing required
1st method (inserting BGA balls using stencils)
2nd method (using a direct paste application)
Practice with BGA rebolling
Removing and inserting BGA chip practice
BGA reballing process (videos and notes)
Chapter 24 Removing bios password process notes and device
used
Dell sorting process, IBM read chip process, Hash code,
Different devices used to remove passwords
Different slot tester detail RAM, CPU, HDD etc
RAM slot tester, CPU
slot tester, WIFI slot tester , HDD slot tester, Mini PCI debug card 3in1 5in1, debug with lcd display
Chapter 25 Bios update concept common fault and solution
detail
Post code error of different debug card and bios; program
Update Bios Method USB – EXE Bios
working Detail
Chapter 26 Testing and fault finding method
debug card mini PCI 3in1, 5 in1, debug with lcd display, ,
What is process to find faults using debug card, Mini PCI debug card, Debug
cards code error list of different bios award phonex amibios etc
Chapter 27 REPAIRING TIPS AND VIDEO COLLECTION OF LAPTOP
REPAIR
Some basic videos collection with some common fault and
solution collected from other sides for reference
Chapter 28 DEMO FOR OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Introduction to module 3 syllabus, technical support, Laptop
schematic diagram collection, laptop repairing advance tips collection,
different models different problems collection, different board having difference
power chips with name, lots of service centre collection
Free with this course:
Laptop schematics diagram basic, different instrument list,
common faults list of laptop repair and laptop service manuals collection, data
sheet of chips, laptop power on sequence notes, etc
Different chip used in different section collected from
laptop schematic diagram by Intersoft institute
Northbridge chip
(1021 FCBGA,1257 BGA,1299 PCBGA,1329 FCBGA,1466 BGA,465
FCBGA,593 BGA,625 BGA, 705 BGA, 707FCBGA, 718-pin BGA, 732 BGA, 760 BGA,
82875GM/GME, 836 BGA, 855GM, 868 BGA, 910GML, 945GMS, 965GM/965PM/ 1299 Pin FBGA, ALI M1632-C, Alviso 1257 PCBGA, ATi
RC300ML, ATI RC410MB, ATI RS482M, ATIR200m, ATI-RX485M, BGA 468, BGA 732,
C51M/D, CALISTOGA, Crestline GM, CRESTLINE-GP-U, FCBGA 1299, FCBGA 1329, FCBGA
U43, FCBGA836-NVIDIA-MCP67, Intel 855GME, Intel 910GM, Intel 945pm, MCP67, GM
732 BGA, PCBGA 1257, PCBGA 1466, PM45, GM45, PM965, RC300-MD, RC410MB ATI,
RC415ME, RS600ME, RS690T FCBGA, RS780MC,
RX485 /465 FCBGA, RX781/RS780MN A12, SiS 672, SIS 756, UFCBGA – 1329, UFCBGA-1299,
uFCBGA-1466, uFCBGA-593, UFCBGA-732, uFCPGA638, Ver.:A13, 71.RC410.D0U
Graphics chip
(nf-430-n-a3,
g6150, g-6100, Spp-100-n-a3, 7200-n- a3,
g86-630-a2, 7200-b-n-a3,
7400-g-n-a3, Mcp 67MU-a2, Mcp 67M-a2,
7600-n-a2, 7600-h-n-b1, ATI IXO460,
g86-770-a2, g 7200-b-na3, gf -7200-n-a3, go 7400n a3,NVIDIA NF-SPP-100-N-A2
,NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6100-N-A2, NVIDIA
NF-7100-630I-A2, NVIDIA NF-6100-A2,NVIDIA NF-430-N-A3,NVIDIA MCP77MV-A2 ,NVIDIA
MCP77MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MD-A2,,NVIDIA MCP67M-A2,NVIDIA
MCP67D-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7900-GSN-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-N-B1 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7600-N-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-H-N-B1,NVIDIA GF-GO7400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7400-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7300-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7200-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-G07400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-G07300-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-G07200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GeForce GO6600,NVIDIA GEFORCE FX
Go5700-V,NVIDIA Geforce FX Go5700,NVIDIA GeForce FX Go5200 64mb,NVIDIA Geforce
FX Go5200,NVIDIA G96-600-A2,NVIDIA G86-770-A2,NVIDIA G86-750-A2,NVIDIA
G86-731-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-730-A2,NVIDIA G86-703-A2,NVIDIA G86-635-A2,NVIDIA
G86-631-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2,NVIDIA G84-750-A2,NVIDIA
g84-600-a2,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY chip
(TPS5116, PC4800, MAX8794 NCP5201 SC1486/SCl486A SC2616
TPS51020 ISL6520 CM8501c, ISL6224 ISL6225,)
SOUTH BRIDGE chip
(609 BGA, 352 BGA, 421 BGA, 443BX, 457 BGA, 546BGA, 549 BGA,
564 BGA, 652 BGA, 676 BGA, 82801 DBM, ALI M1535, ATA 66/100, ATI SB 450, ATi
SB200C, ATI SB450, ATI SB460, ATI-IXP150, ATI-SB200, ATI-SB460,
BCM5787MKMLG/5764M, BGA – 679, BGA
421, BGA 508, BGA-609, BGA-652, BGA-676, C9827, ICH6 609 BGA, ICH7-M 652pin
BGA, ICH8-M 676pin BGA,MBGA-609, mBGA-652, mBGA-676, MCP51, MCP67,
NB82801HBM/676 Pin BGA,NVIDIA MCP67 /MCP67D,SB150, SB460 /549 BGA, SB600,
SB700, SIS 964L, SiS 968, VT8606,)
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section)
(47N217, 82802AC, CS954217, EC ITE8510E, EC KB910L, EC
WPCE775L, ECE5028, ENE KB926, ENE3310, ENE3925, H8S – 2110B,IT8510E, ITE 8512E, ITE7805, ITE8712, KB3920
Box / KB3926, KBC PC8769L,KBC 87541V, KBC 87570,LPC 47N253, LPC47N207,
LPC47N217, LPC47N354,M38857, MEC5004, MEC5025, NC87381, NS EC87591L, NS
PC87383, PC97541, PC97551, NS87381, NS97551/87541, PC8394T, PC87382, PC87385,
PC87391, PC87392, PC87393, PC87570,ECE 5028, LPC47N227, SMC 207, SMC217, SMC972
8051, SMs FDC47N227, SMSC1122,SMsC 47N217, SMSC 5021, SMSC1070, SMSC
47N417,SMSC5025, SMSC1100L, SMSC1021, PC87381, wpc775f, WPCE773, WPC776,
WPC8763,WPC8769, WPCE773, WPCN385)
LAN NETWORK CHIP
(82573, 3945ABG, 4401E/578X/5705E, 8100C, 811C, 82550GY,
82562ET, 88E1116,88E3018, 88E8036, 88E8038 / 88E8055, 88E8039, 8E8053,
8E8071AR8121, ATheros AR8121, Atheros AR8131,B5788M, BCM 5705, BCM 5751M, BCM
5787M, BCM4401, BCM5752, BCM5753M,BCM5755M, BCM5756M, BCM5764, BCM5784M,
BCM5788, BCM5906, Broadcom 5906M, BROADCOM 5787M, Broadcom 5752)
AUDIO SOUND CHIP
( AD1881A, AD1981B, AD1981HD, AD1984JCP, AD1986A,ALC 250,
ALC 262, ALC 268, ALC 272, ALC200, ALC202, ALC260, ALC268,ALC269, ALC650,
ALC655, ALC660, ALC861, ALC880, ALC861, ALC883,ALC885/889, ALC888, AMC97,
Codec_IDT9271B7,CS4202, CS4299, CS4624, CX20468-31, CX20549-12, CX20561,
ES1988, G1431Q,CX20468-31,ALC268, ALC882, ALC883, ALC663, RTL 250, RTL 250,
STAC 9228, STAC9200,STAC9205, STAC9228, STAC9228/92HD73C, STAC9721, STAC9750,
STAC9751,Intel 82566MM, BCM5906, BCM4401, MARVEL8040, Marvell 88E8039, NS83816,
PI3L500ZFEX)
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
(MAX1617, MAX1020A, AD1030A, CM8500 MAX1989 DS1620)
BIOS section
Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP
(74CBT3383, ALPRS355B, ASMP3APG1E8, ASMP3APG1E8,C9827,CK
408,CK410M,CK505,CS950810,CS954217,CS9LPRS476,CY28346
,ICS950810,CY28411/ICS95420,CY28547,CY28548,ICS 9248-195,ICS 94239, ICS
950806,ICS 951412,ICS 954226,ICS 954306,ICS 954310,ICS 9LPR365,ICS 9LPR502,ICS
9LPR600,ICS 9LPRS355,ICS 9LPRS365,ICS 9LPRS480BKLTF,ICS 9LPRS502, ICS CK410,
ICS/9LPR363, ICS ICS954218, ICS9250-38, ICS945306,ICS950223, ICS950815,
ICS951402, ICS951411, ICS951413, ICS951461, ICS951462, ICS951463, ICS953805,
ICS954201, ICS954201BG-T/CY28411, ICS954206, ICS954213, ICS954226, ICS954301,
ICS954305, ICS954309, ICS95461, ICS9LP306, ICS9LPR316, ICS9LPR363,
ICS9LPRS325,ICS9LPRS355,ICS9LPRS365,ICS9LPRS387,ICS9LPRS476,ICSRTM875T,IDT
CV125,IDTCV137,IMISG556B,MLF68,PI6C410M,RS200M, RTM865-300, RTM875N,
RTM880N-795, RTS5158E, SKT638S1, SLG84450, SLG8LP554, SLG8SP510, SLG8SP512,
SLG8SP513, SLG8SP553, SLG8SP553V)
COM PORT CHIP:-
(MAX3243, MAX213, ADM213, HIN213, SP3243, MC145583
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL :-
(MAXl522/MAXl523/MAXl524 OZ960,)
Primary voltage 5V 3V
(ACES 88069-1600A, FDS6680, ICS950810, ISL6225, ISL6236,
ISL6237,MAX1 902EAI_SSOP28, MAX190, MAX1977, max1980, MAX1999, MAX8734,
MAX8743, MAX8744, MAX8778, MIC5235, PC87383, RPC87383, RT8206, RT9026, SC1403,
SL4435, SL6236, SN0608098,TPS51020, TPS51120, TPA51125, TPS2231, TPS51020,
TPS51029, TPS51100, TPS51221)
Secondary voltage 2.5, 1.8V
APL5331,APL5912, APW7057KC, BCP69-16, BD3550,
BQ24703,CM6582, CS951402AG, EMC4002, FAN5234, FDC 602P, G2997, G965,ISL6225,
ISL6227, ISL6228, ISL6236, ISL6262A, ISL88550, LM317, LTC1871, TC3728,MAX1715,
MAX1510, MAX1589, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714, MAX175,MAX1806, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992, MAX1993, MAX1999, MAX8550,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8743, MAX8778,
MIC37101, MIC5219B, MIC5258, NPC5214,PS51124, RT9025, SC1486, SC338a, SC411,
SL4465, SL6225,T51124, TPS5130, TPS51020, TPS51124, TI51116, TPS51117, PS51120,
TPS5116, TPS5130
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V
(AGP-M10/11, APL5331, APL5930, APW7057, APWP7A0G5E7, BD4175,
CM2843,CM3718, CM8562, FDS6690AS, G2997F6U, G957, G971,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6262A, LM2728, LMS5258, LTC1772, LTC3728, MAX 1993,MAX1 902, MAX1540,
MAX1544, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714,
MAX1715, MAX1718, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992A, MAX8578,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8725, MAX8736, MAX8743,
MAX8743, max8778,MAX8873, MAX8873, MIC5219B, NDS8425, PS51124, RT8204,
RT9026,SC1485, SC338a, SC411, SC412A, SC415, SC4215, SC483, SC486, SI4465,
SN0508073P,TPS51124, TPS51100, TPS51124, TPS5117, TPS5130, TPS51483, VT351)
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module
(74CBT3383, ADP3208, ADP3203, ADP3205, ADP3207, ADP3207,
ADP3208, c8110,MAX8774, HIP6301/6302CB, MAX1987,ISL 6215, ISL6218, ISL62 27,
ISL6208, ISL6215, ISL6217, ISL6218, ISL6219, ISL6227,ISL6247, ISL6248, ISL6260,
ISL6261, ISL6262, ISL6265, ISL6266A, ISL6268, LM2729, LTC3735,MAX1987, MAX1532,
MAX1544, MAX1546, MAX17080, MAX1711, MAX1718/1887, MAX1714, MAX1887, MAX1907,
MAX6656, MAX8734, MAX8736, MAX8760, MAX8770, MAX8771, MAX8774, MAX8778,
PSAL6G2E 2151BCA-T,SC1474, SC1476, SC451, SC452, SC454, SL6266A, SL6559,
TPS51620, VT1311, VT451&VT450)
Battery charging chips
(ADP3804, ADP3806, ADP3808, BQ24701, BQ24703, BQ24720,
BQ24721, BQ24740,BQ24745, BQ24751, BQ27470ISL6228, ISL6251, ISL6255, ISL6256,
ISL88731, LM2601, LM358ADR, ltc1735MAX1535A, MAX1631, MAX1772, MAX1632,
MAX1645, MAX1772EEI, MAX1845,MAX1870, MAX1907, MAX1908ETI, MAX1909, MAX1999,
MAX8371, MAX8632MAX8724, Max8725, MAX8731, MAX8736ETL, MAX8765, MAX8774GTL,
MB3387P, MB3875 MB3887, MB39A119, MB39A126,BQ24703, BQ24721)
Mosfet
( 2951, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4435, 4502, 4503, 4506, 4508,
4684, 4704, 4788, 4802, 4812, 4824, 4835, 4856, 4900, 4856, 4404, 4435, 4800,
4814, 4856, 4825, 4836, 4914, 5130, 6676, 6690, 6900, 6986, 7821, 7832, 9435)
Gallery
Chapter 1 Block diagrams of motherboards, understand
different chips on motherboard
Understanding block diagram of motherboard, connecting
different chip with bus. Address bus, data bus, control bus, CPU, North Bridge,
south bridge, IO controller, audio, lan etc, identify different chips on
motherboards, power supply chips,
Chapter 2 Basic working details of motherboards,
What is the basic requirement to run motherboard , power,
reset clock and software(bios) , different chip required different power and
power with different ampere also each power section generate power,
Chapter 3 A list of tools required for repairing laptops
Soldering iron, screwdriver sets, smd rework, Bga machine,
micro iron, ram cpu wifi slot tester Bios programmer, Ram slot tester,
Different Debug card, Multimeter, Cro, etc
Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop
motherboard
Chapter 4
Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards,
components difference, etc…Power supply
section, 12v 5v 3.3v pgood, pson, sus, 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power
supply,
Chapter 5 Power, reset, clock, frame stage understand
Understand how power is required for each chip and how it’s generated; what clock
frequency is required by each chip and which section generate it
Power stage of laptop motherboard
Chapter 6 Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, etc. PCU MAIN
SUS POWER
How many types of power, how primary voltage is 5v pcu 3.3v
pcu voltage generated from 18v vin , When 5v main and 3.3v main start, when
secondary voltages generated 2.5v and 1.5v generate from 18v , When ram power
supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start, when CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power
supply from VRM section
Chapter 7 How a motherboard starts basic concepts /
Different power stage (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), discharge section, on. off
section
What is process after power supplies reach each chip? When
reset signals start? When power good generate? When motherboard starts to
searching bios,how many types of power stage is there? What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3
,s4 ,s5 power status , what is different between standby, hibernate mode ,
which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage, When discharge
section works, what is the function work of discharging section, Sequence of
motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure
Chapter 8 MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
How to check mosfet? How source and drain are managed by
gate signals? What is dual and single smd mosfet? What is the function of
mosfet in power supply? How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single?
How to replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet? Mosfet used in VRM,
switching power supply, linear output etc example
Chapter 9 Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop
motherboard (Compaq v2000/dv1000)
(3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)
Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips
Chapter 10 Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing ,
with different chips and signals detail
Understanding whole block diagram thru schematic
diagram with page no
CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what are the important signals of
CPU? Understand basic signals of CPU, CPU different power vcccore, connection
of CPU with other chips.
NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge,
Northbridge different power supply, connection with different chips
GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why
graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types of
graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM,
understand basic signals of Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with
north bridge
SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is basic function of south bridge,
Southbridge different power supply, connection with different chips,
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain power control chip in some
models, connection and function of i/o chips
LAN NETWORK CHIP :-
Function of network chip, connection of network chip
AUDIO SOUND CHIP :-
Function of sound audio chip, connection of sound chips
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :-
Type of bios chip , main signals of bios chip, connection with i/o &
southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscillate
frequency to different chip, main signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-
Chapter 11 different power supply chips and signal detail
ALWAYS POWER ON :-
pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
PRIMARY VOLTAGE :-
5V 3V sus , main,
so,,s3, Power
SECONDARY VOLTAGE
:- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus
, main , so s3 s4 power
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm
chip measure vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery
chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing signals of battery
[/accordion]
Chapter 12 LCD & inverter connection
Main signals of LCD, connection from north bridge, how
inverter work, main signals of inverter, use of universal inverter,
[/accordion]
Different power supply section and working detail
Chapter 13 Main PCU voltage signals (always on voltage )
Testing and working of main pcu voltage output, main signals
of pcu voltage, supply of pcu voltage to other chips, different between MAIN
& SUS voltage
Chapter 14 Primary voltage output MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v)
How primary voltage is generated? Main signals of primary
voltage MAIN/SUS, supply of main voltage to different chip
Chapter 15 Secondary voltage output SUS MAIN (2.5v,1.5v)\
How secondary voltage output is generated? Main signals of
secondary voltage
Chapter 16 VRM section & pci Reset signals
How VRM section start, how identify about CPU types, vid
signals, when pci reset signals start, power good signals, etc
Motherboard main signals and power detail
Chapter 17 Power stages of other laptop motherboards main
signals
Understand power on concept of HP LAPTOP motherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR
3DE-PWR PWR-S5- EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW
RSMRST-SB #3 \; z7 o# m8 [/ `+ I& j" Y! ^2 XBT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB
PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP- S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)
Understand power on concept of Dell laptop motherboard
(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN
+, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON
+3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN, M7_MEM,
M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )
Understand power on concept of IBM laptop motherboard
(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)
Different chip used in different section collected from
laptop schematic diagram by Intersoft institute
Northbridge chip
(1021 FCBGA,1257 BGA,1299 PCBGA,1329 FCBGA,1466 BGA,465
FCBGA,593 BGA,625 BGA, 705 BGA, 707FCBGA, 718-pin BGA, 732 BGA, 760 BGA,
82875GM/GME, 836 BGA, 855GM, 868 BGA, 910GML, 945GMS, 965GM/965PM/ 1299 Pin FBGA, ALI M1632-C, Alviso 1257 PCBGA, ATi
RC300ML, ATI RC410MB, ATI RS482M, ATIR200m, ATI-RX485M, BGA 468, BGA 732,
C51M/D, CALISTOGA, Crestline GM, CRESTLINE-GP-U, FCBGA 1299, FCBGA 1329, FCBGA
U43, FCBGA836-NVIDIA-MCP67, Intel 855GME, Intel 910GM, Intel 945pm, MCP67, GM
732 BGA, PCBGA 1257, PCBGA 1466, PM45, GM45, PM965, RC300-MD, RC410MB ATI,
RC415ME, RS600ME, RS690T FCBGA, RS780MC,
RX485 /465 FCBGA, RX781/RS780MN A12, SiS 672, SIS 756, UFCBGA – 1329, UFCBGA-1299,
uFCBGA-1466, uFCBGA-593, UFCBGA-732, uFCPGA638, Ver.:A13, 71.RC410.D0U
Graphics chip
(nf-430-n-a3,
g6150, g-6100, Spp-100-n-a3, 7200-n- a3,
g86-630-a2, 7200-b-n-a3,
7400-g-n-a3, Mcp 67MU-a2, Mcp 67M-a2,
7600-n-a2, 7600-h-n-b1, ATI IXO460,
g86-770-a2, g 7200-b-na3, gf -7200-n-a3, go 7400n a3,NVIDIA NF-SPP-100-N-A2
,NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6100-N-A2, NVIDIA
NF-7100-630I-A2, NVIDIA NF-6100-A2,NVIDIA NF-430-N-A3,NVIDIA MCP77MV-A2 ,NVIDIA
MCP77MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MD-A2,,NVIDIA MCP67M-A2,NVIDIA
MCP67D-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7900-GSN-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-N-B1 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7600-N-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-H-N-B1,NVIDIA GF-GO7400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7400-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7300-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7200-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-G07400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-G07300-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-G07200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GeForce GO6600,NVIDIA GEFORCE FX
Go5700-V,NVIDIA Geforce FX Go5700,NVIDIA GeForce FX Go5200 64mb,NVIDIA Geforce
FX Go5200,NVIDIA G96-600-A2,NVIDIA G86-770-A2,NVIDIA G86-750-A2,NVIDIA
G86-731-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-730-A2,NVIDIA G86-703-A2,NVIDIA G86-635-A2,NVIDIA
G86-631-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2,NVIDIA G84-750-A2,NVIDIA
g84-600-a2,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY chip
(TPS5116, PC4800, MAX8794 NCP5201 SC1486/SCl486A SC2616
TPS51020 ISL6520 CM8501c, ISL6224 ISL6225,)
SOUTH BRIDGE chip
(609 BGA, 352 BGA, 421 BGA, 443BX, 457 BGA, 546BGA, 549 BGA,
564 BGA, 652 BGA, 676 BGA, 82801 DBM, ALI M1535, ATA 66/100, ATI SB 450, ATi
SB200C, ATI SB450, ATI SB460, ATI-IXP150, ATI-SB200, ATI-SB460,
BCM5787MKMLG/5764M, BGA – 679, BGA
421, BGA 508, BGA-609, BGA-652, BGA-676, C9827, ICH6 609 BGA, ICH7-M 652pin
BGA, ICH8-M 676pin BGA,MBGA-609, mBGA-652, mBGA-676, MCP51, MCP67, NB82801HBM/676
Pin BGA,NVIDIA MCP67 /MCP67D,SB150, SB460 /549 BGA, SB600, SB700, SIS 964L, SiS
968, VT8606,)
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section)
(47N217, 82802AC, CS954217, EC ITE8510E, EC KB910L, EC
WPCE775L, ECE5028, ENE KB926, ENE3310, ENE3925, H8S – 2110B,IT8510E, ITE 8512E,
ITE7805, ITE8712, KB3920 Box / KB3926, KBC PC8769L,KBC 87541V, KBC 87570,LPC
47N253, LPC47N207, LPC47N217, LPC47N354,M38857, MEC5004, MEC5025, NC87381, NS
EC87591L, NS PC87383, PC97541, PC97551, NS87381, NS97551/87541, PC8394T, PC87382,
PC87385, PC87391, PC87392, PC87393, PC87570,ECE 5028, LPC47N227, SMC 207,
SMC217, SMC972 8051, SMs FDC47N227, SMSC1122,SMsC 47N217, SMSC 5021, SMSC1070,
SMSC 47N417,SMSC5025, SMSC1100L, SMSC1021, PC87381, wpc775f, WPCE773, WPC776,
WPC8763,WPC8769, WPCE773, WPCN385)
LAN NETWORK CHIP
(82573, 3945ABG, 4401E/578X/5705E, 8100C, 811C, 82550GY,
82562ET, 88E1116,88E3018, 88E8036, 88E8038 / 88E8055, 88E8039, 8E8053,
8E8071AR8121, ATheros AR8121, Atheros AR8131,B5788M, BCM 5705, BCM 5751M, BCM
5787M, BCM4401, BCM5752, BCM5753M,BCM5755M, BCM5756M, BCM5764, BCM5784M,
BCM5788, BCM5906, Broadcom 5906M, BROADCOM 5787M, Broadcom 5752)
AUDIO SOUND CHIP
( AD1881A, AD1981B, AD1981HD, AD1984JCP, AD1986A,ALC 250,
ALC 262, ALC 268, ALC 272, ALC200, ALC202, ALC260, ALC268,ALC269, ALC650,
ALC655, ALC660, ALC861, ALC880, ALC861, ALC883,ALC885/889, ALC888, AMC97,
Codec_IDT9271B7,CS4202, CS4299, CS4624, CX20468-31, CX20549-12, CX20561,
ES1988, G1431Q,CX20468-31,ALC268, ALC882, ALC883, ALC663, RTL 250, RTL 250,
STAC 9228, STAC9200,STAC9205, STAC9228, STAC9228/92HD73C, STAC9721, STAC9750,
STAC9751,Intel 82566MM, BCM5906, BCM4401, MARVEL8040, Marvell 88E8039, NS83816,
PI3L500ZFEX)
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
(MAX1617, MAX1020A, AD1030A, CM8500 MAX1989 DS1620)
BIOS section
Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP
(74CBT3383, ALPRS355B, ASMP3APG1E8, ASMP3APG1E8,C9827,CK
408,CK410M,CK505,CS950810,CS954217,CS9LPRS476,CY28346
,ICS950810,CY28411/ICS95420,CY28547,CY28548,ICS 9248-195,ICS 94239, ICS
950806,ICS 951412,ICS 954226,ICS 954306,ICS 954310,ICS 9LPR365,ICS 9LPR502,ICS
9LPR600,ICS 9LPRS355,ICS 9LPRS365,ICS 9LPRS480BKLTF,ICS 9LPRS502, ICS CK410,
ICS/9LPR363, ICS ICS954218, ICS9250-38, ICS945306,ICS950223, ICS950815,
ICS951402, ICS951411, ICS951413, ICS951461, ICS951462, ICS951463, ICS953805,
ICS954201, ICS954201BG-T/CY28411, ICS954206, ICS954213, ICS954226, ICS954301,
ICS954305, ICS954309, ICS95461, ICS9LP306, ICS9LPR316, ICS9LPR363,
ICS9LPRS325,ICS9LPRS355,ICS9LPRS365,ICS9LPRS387,ICS9LPRS476,ICSRTM875T,IDT CV125,IDTCV137,IMISG556B,MLF68,PI6C410M,RS200M,
RTM865-300, RTM875N, RTM880N-795, RTS5158E, SKT638S1, SLG84450, SLG8LP554,
SLG8SP510, SLG8SP512, SLG8SP513, SLG8SP553, SLG8SP553V)
COM PORT CHIP:-
(MAX3243, MAX213, ADM213, HIN213, SP3243, MC145583
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL :-
(MAXl522/MAXl523/MAXl524 OZ960,)
Primary voltage 5V 3V
(ACES 88069-1600A, FDS6680, ICS950810, ISL6225, ISL6236,
ISL6237,MAX1 902EAI_SSOP28, MAX190, MAX1977, max1980, MAX1999, MAX8734,
MAX8743, MAX8744, MAX8778, MIC5235, PC87383, RPC87383, RT8206, RT9026, SC1403,
SL4435, SL6236, SN0608098,TPS51020, TPS51120, TPA51125, TPS2231, TPS51020,
TPS51029, TPS51100, TPS51221)
Secondary voltage 2.5, 1.8V
APL5331,APL5912, APW7057KC, BCP69-16, BD3550,
BQ24703,CM6582, CS951402AG, EMC4002, FAN5234, FDC 602P, G2997, G965,ISL6225,
ISL6227, ISL6228, ISL6236, ISL6262A, ISL88550, LM317, LTC1871, TC3728,MAX1715,
MAX1510, MAX1589, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714, MAX175,MAX1806, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992, MAX1993, MAX1999, MAX8550,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8743, MAX8778,
MIC37101, MIC5219B, MIC5258, NPC5214,PS51124, RT9025, SC1486, SC338a, SC411,
SL4465, SL6225,T51124, TPS5130, TPS51020, TPS51124, TI51116, TPS51117, PS51120,
TPS5116, TPS5130
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V
(AGP-M10/11, APL5331, APL5930, APW7057, APWP7A0G5E7, BD4175,
CM2843,CM3718, CM8562, FDS6690AS, G2997F6U, G957, G971,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6262A, LM2728, LMS5258, LTC1772, LTC3728, MAX 1993,MAX1 902, MAX1540,
MAX1544, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714,
MAX1715, MAX1718, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992A, MAX8578,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8725, MAX8736, MAX8743,
MAX8743, max8778,MAX8873, MAX8873, MIC5219B, NDS8425, PS51124, RT8204,
RT9026,SC1485, SC338a, SC411, SC412A, SC415, SC4215, SC483, SC486, SI4465,
SN0508073P,TPS51124, TPS51100, TPS51124, TPS5117, TPS5130, TPS51483, VT351)
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module
(74CBT3383, ADP3208, ADP3203, ADP3205, ADP3207, ADP3207,
ADP3208, c8110,MAX8774, HIP6301/6302CB, MAX1987,ISL 6215, ISL6218, ISL62 27,
ISL6208, ISL6215, ISL6217, ISL6218, ISL6219, ISL6227,ISL6247, ISL6248, ISL6260,
ISL6261, ISL6262, ISL6265, ISL6266A, ISL6268, LM2729, LTC3735,MAX1987, MAX1532,
MAX1544, MAX1546, MAX17080, MAX1711, MAX1718/1887, MAX1714, MAX1887, MAX1907,
MAX6656, MAX8734, MAX8736, MAX8760, MAX8770, MAX8771, MAX8774, MAX8778, PSAL6G2E
2151BCA-T,SC1474, SC1476, SC451, SC452, SC454, SL6266A, SL6559, TPS51620,
VT1311, VT451&VT450)
Battery charging chips
(ADP3804, ADP3806, ADP3808, BQ24701, BQ24703, BQ24720,
BQ24721, BQ24740,BQ24745, BQ24751, BQ27470ISL6228, ISL6251, ISL6255, ISL6256,
ISL88731, LM2601, LM358ADR, ltc1735MAX1535A, MAX1631, MAX1772, MAX1632,
MAX1645, MAX1772EEI, MAX1845,MAX1870, MAX1907, MAX1908ETI, MAX1909, MAX1999,
MAX8371, MAX8632MAX8724, Max8725, MAX8731, MAX8736ETL, MAX8765, MAX8774GTL,
MB3387P, MB3875 MB3887, MB39A119, MB39A126,BQ24703, BQ24721)
Mosfet
( 2951, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4435, 4502, 4503, 4506, 4508,
4684, 4704, 4788, 4802, 4812, 4824, 4835, 4856, 4900, 4856, 4404, 4435, 4800,
4814, 4856, 4825, 4836, 4914, 5130, 6676, 6690, 6900, 6986, 7821, 7832, 9435)
Chapter 1 Block diagrams of motherboards, understand
different chips on motherboard
Understanding block diagram of motherboard, connecting different
chip with bus. Address bus, data bus, control bus, CPU, North Bridge, south
bridge, IO controller, audio, lan etc, identify different chips on
motherboards, power supply chips,
Chapter 2 Basic working details of motherboards,
What is the basic requirement to run motherboard , power,
reset clock and software(bios) , different chip required different power and
power with different ampere also each power section generate power,
Chapter 3 A list of tools required for repairing laptops
Soldering iron, screwdriver sets, smd rework, Bga machine,
micro iron, ram cpu wifi slot tester Bios programmer, Ram slot tester,
Different Debug card, Multimeter, Cro, etc
Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop
motherboard
Chapter 4
Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards,
components difference, etc…Power supply
section, 12v 5v 3.3v pgood, pson, sus, 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power
supply,
Chapter 5 Power, reset, clock, frame stage understand
Understand how power is required for each chip and how it’s generated; what clock
frequency is required by each chip and which section generate it
Power stage of laptop motherboard
Chapter 6 Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, etc. PCU MAIN
SUS POWER
How many types of power, how primary voltage is 5v pcu 3.3v
pcu voltage generated from 18v vin , When 5v main and 3.3v main start, when
secondary voltages generated 2.5v and 1.5v generate from 18v , When ram power
supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start, when CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power
supply from VRM section
Chapter 7 How a motherboard starts basic concepts /
Different power stage (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), discharge section, on. off
section
What is process after power supplies reach each chip? When
reset signals start? When power good generate? When motherboard starts to
searching bios,how many types of power stage is there? What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3
,s4 ,s5 power status , what is different between standby, hibernate mode ,
which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage, When discharge
section works, what is the function work of discharging section, Sequence of
motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure
Chapter 8 MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
How to check mosfet? How source and drain are managed by
gate signals? What is dual and single smd mosfet? What is the function of
mosfet in power supply? How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single?
How to replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet? Mosfet used in VRM,
switching power supply, linear output etc example
Chapter 9 Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop
motherboard (Compaq v2000/dv1000)
(3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE SMDDR_VTERM,
PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)
Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips
Chapter 10 Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing ,
with different chips and signals detail
Understanding whole block diagram thru schematic
diagram with page no
CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what are the important signals of
CPU? Understand basic signals of CPU, CPU different power vcccore, connection
of CPU with other chips.
NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge,
Northbridge different power supply, connection with different chips
GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why
graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types of
graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM, understand
basic signals of Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with north bridge
SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is basic function of south bridge,
Southbridge different power supply, connection with different chips,
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain power control chip in some
models, connection and function of i/o chips
LAN NETWORK CHIP :-
Function of network chip, connection of network chip
AUDIO SOUND CHIP :-
Function of sound audio chip, connection of sound chips
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :-
Type of bios chip , main signals of bios chip, connection with i/o &
southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscillate
frequency to different chip, main signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-
Chapter 11 different power supply chips and signal detail
ALWAYS POWER ON :-
pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
PRIMARY VOLTAGE :-
5V 3V sus , main,
so,,s3, Power
SECONDARY VOLTAGE
:- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus
, main , so s3 s4 power
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm
chip measure vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery
chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing signals of battery
[/accordion]
Chapter 12 LCD & inverter connection
Main signals of LCD, connection from north bridge, how
inverter work, main signals of inverter, use of universal inverter,
[/accordion]
Different power supply section and working detail
Chapter 13 Main PCU voltage signals (always on voltage )
Testing and working of main pcu voltage output, main signals
of pcu voltage, supply of pcu voltage to other chips, different between MAIN
& SUS voltage
Chapter 14 Primary voltage output MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v)
How primary voltage is generated? Main signals of primary
voltage MAIN/SUS, supply of main voltage to different chip
Chapter 15 Secondary voltage output SUS MAIN (2.5v,1.5v)\
How secondary voltage output is generated? Main signals of
secondary voltage
Chapter 16 VRM section & pci Reset signals
How VRM section start, how identify about CPU types, vid signals,
when pci reset signals start, power good signals, etc
Motherboard main signals and power detail
Chapter 17 Power stages of other laptop motherboards main
signals
Understand power on concept of HP LAPTOP motherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR
3DE-PWR PWR-S5- EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW
RSMRST-SB #3 \; z7 o# m8 [/ `+ I& j" Y! ^2 XBT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB
PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP- S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)
Understand power on concept of Dell laptop motherboard
(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN
+, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON
+3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN, M7_MEM,
M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )
Understand power on concept of IBM laptop motherboard
(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)
Testing of motherboard signals cold and warm testing
Chapter 18 Testing with multimeter different signals
How to check all voltage of motherboard? Primary, secondary,
PCU, MAIN, SUS Volt, how to find shorting on motherboard, different test points
to check voltages.
Chapter 19 How to use CRO basic concepts , Testing with CRO
(stepwise)
Types of cro [analog digital], difference between cro, How
to connect to cro, how to use probes of cro, setting of cro, checking dc volt
thru cro, self test of cro, auto setup of cro, how to check frequency of clock
in motherboard?
Chapter 20 Testing outputs and inputs of Mosfets, testing
clock, testing reset signals
Mosfet output and input gate to check with multimeter and
cro [the difference], Checking process of clock using cro and multimeter.
Cleaning motherboard solution steps
Chapter 21 Washing, Cleaning, drying the motherboard
How to wash motherboard to clean, procedure after washing,
how to Dry the motherboard.
Dry solder problem solution steps
Other main problem occurs due to dry solder problems, some
contact of chips or component may dry, what is process? How to solve dry solder
problem, demo of baking oven to dry motherboard, heating using a hair drier,
Chapter 22 Removing and inserting different chips practice
(video & step)
Replacing different ICs, using soldering irons and smd
blower etc…
BGA rework removing and reballing of BGA chip of motherboard
Chapter 23 ICs rebelling, BGA ball arrangement, practice.,
Using BGA machine
Training Using BGA Soldering Station,
Removing BGA Chips and Rebelling It Using Reball Stencil
Two methods
1st by applying balls with help of BGA station
2nd applying liquid paste PPD and heat with BGA blower
Introduction to different BGA machines
Infrared and normal blower, introduction to 3 different Machine
we
Used low end to high end, different method of reboll a chip,
why is reballing required
1st method (inserting BGA balls using stencils)
2nd method (using a direct paste application)
Practice with BGA rebolling
Removing and inserting BGA chip practice
BGA reballing process (videos and notes)
Chapter 24 Removing bios password process notes and device
used
Dell sorting process, IBM read chip process, Hash code,
Different devices used to remove passwords
Different slot tester detail RAM, CPU, HDD etc
RAM slot tester, CPU
slot tester, WIFI slot tester , HDD slot tester, Mini PCI debug card 3in1 5in1, debug with lcd display
Chapter 25 Bios update concept common fault and solution
detail
Post code error of different debug card and bios; program
Update Bios Method USB – EXE Bios
working Detail
Chapter 26 Testing and fault finding method
debug card mini PCI 3in1, 5 in1, debug with lcd display, ,
What is process to find faults using debug card, Mini PCI debug card, Debug
cards code error list of different bios award phonex amibios etc
Chapter 27 REPAIRING TIPS AND VIDEO COLLECTION OF LAPTOP
REPAIR
Some basic videos collection with some common fault and
solution collected from other sides for reference
Chapter 28 DEMO FOR OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Introduction to module 3 syllabus, technical support, Laptop
schematic diagram collection, laptop repairing advance tips collection,
different models different problems collection, different board having
difference power chips with name, lots of service centre collection
Free with this course:
Laptop schematics diagram basic, different instrument list,
common faults list of laptop repair and laptop service manuals collection, data
sheet of chips, laptop power on sequence notes, etc
Different chip used in different section collected from
laptop schematic diagram by Intersoft institute
Northbridge chip
(1021 FCBGA,1257 BGA,1299 PCBGA,1329 FCBGA,1466 BGA,465
FCBGA,593 BGA,625 BGA, 705 BGA, 707FCBGA, 718-pin BGA, 732 BGA, 760 BGA,
82875GM/GME, 836 BGA, 855GM, 868 BGA, 910GML, 945GMS, 965GM/965PM/ 1299 Pin FBGA, ALI M1632-C, Alviso 1257 PCBGA, ATi
RC300ML, ATI RC410MB, ATI RS482M, ATIR200m, ATI-RX485M, BGA 468, BGA 732,
C51M/D, CALISTOGA, Crestline GM, CRESTLINE-GP-U, FCBGA 1299, FCBGA 1329, FCBGA
U43, FCBGA836-NVIDIA-MCP67, Intel 855GME, Intel 910GM, Intel 945pm, MCP67, GM
732 BGA, PCBGA 1257, PCBGA 1466, PM45, GM45, PM965, RC300-MD, RC410MB ATI,
RC415ME, RS600ME, RS690T FCBGA, RS780MC,
RX485 /465 FCBGA, RX781/RS780MN A12, SiS 672, SIS 756, UFCBGA – 1329, UFCBGA-1299,
uFCBGA-1466, uFCBGA-593, UFCBGA-732, uFCPGA638, Ver.:A13, 71.RC410.D0U
Graphics chip
(nf-430-n-a3,
g6150, g-6100, Spp-100-n-a3, 7200-n- a3,
g86-630-a2, 7200-b-n-a3,
7400-g-n-a3, Mcp 67MU-a2, Mcp 67M-a2,
7600-n-a2, 7600-h-n-b1, ATI IXO460,
g86-770-a2, g 7200-b-na3, gf -7200-n-a3, go 7400n a3,NVIDIA NF-SPP-100-N-A2
,NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6100-N-A2, NVIDIA
NF-7100-630I-A2, NVIDIA NF-6100-A2,NVIDIA NF-430-N-A3,NVIDIA MCP77MV-A2 ,NVIDIA
MCP77MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MD-A2,,NVIDIA MCP67M-A2,NVIDIA
MCP67D-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7900-GSN-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-N-B1 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7600-N-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-H-N-B1,NVIDIA GF-GO7400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7400-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7300-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3,NVIDIA
GF-GO7200-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-G07400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-G07300-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-G07200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GeForce GO6600,NVIDIA GEFORCE FX Go5700-V,NVIDIA Geforce
FX Go5700,NVIDIA GeForce FX Go5200 64mb,NVIDIA Geforce FX Go5200,NVIDIA
G96-600-A2,NVIDIA G86-770-A2,NVIDIA G86-750-A2,NVIDIA G86-731-A2 ,NVIDIA
G86-730-A2,NVIDIA G86-703-A2,NVIDIA G86-635-A2,NVIDIA G86-631-A2 ,NVIDIA
G86-630-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2,NVIDIA G84-750-A2,NVIDIA g84-600-a2,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY chip
(TPS5116, PC4800, MAX8794 NCP5201 SC1486/SCl486A SC2616
TPS51020 ISL6520 CM8501c, ISL6224 ISL6225,)
SOUTH BRIDGE chip
(609 BGA, 352 BGA, 421 BGA, 443BX, 457 BGA, 546BGA, 549 BGA,
564 BGA, 652 BGA, 676 BGA, 82801 DBM, ALI M1535, ATA 66/100, ATI SB 450, ATi
SB200C, ATI SB450, ATI SB460, ATI-IXP150, ATI-SB200, ATI-SB460,
BCM5787MKMLG/5764M, BGA – 679, BGA
421, BGA 508, BGA-609, BGA-652, BGA-676, C9827, ICH6 609 BGA, ICH7-M 652pin
BGA, ICH8-M 676pin BGA,MBGA-609, mBGA-652, mBGA-676, MCP51, MCP67,
NB82801HBM/676 Pin BGA,NVIDIA MCP67 /MCP67D,SB150, SB460 /549 BGA, SB600,
SB700, SIS 964L, SiS 968, VT8606,)
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section)
(47N217, 82802AC, CS954217, EC ITE8510E, EC KB910L, EC
WPCE775L, ECE5028, ENE KB926, ENE3310, ENE3925, H8S – 2110B,IT8510E, ITE 8512E, ITE7805, ITE8712, KB3920
Box / KB3926, KBC PC8769L,KBC 87541V, KBC 87570,LPC 47N253, LPC47N207,
LPC47N217, LPC47N354,M38857, MEC5004, MEC5025, NC87381, NS EC87591L, NS
PC87383, PC97541, PC97551, NS87381, NS97551/87541, PC8394T, PC87382, PC87385,
PC87391, PC87392, PC87393, PC87570,ECE 5028, LPC47N227, SMC 207, SMC217, SMC972
8051, SMs FDC47N227, SMSC1122,SMsC 47N217, SMSC 5021, SMSC1070, SMSC
47N417,SMSC5025, SMSC1100L, SMSC1021, PC87381, wpc775f, WPCE773, WPC776,
WPC8763,WPC8769, WPCE773, WPCN385)
LAN NETWORK CHIP
(82573, 3945ABG, 4401E/578X/5705E, 8100C, 811C, 82550GY,
82562ET, 88E1116,88E3018, 88E8036, 88E8038 / 88E8055, 88E8039, 8E8053,
8E8071AR8121, ATheros AR8121, Atheros AR8131,B5788M, BCM 5705, BCM 5751M, BCM
5787M, BCM4401, BCM5752, BCM5753M,BCM5755M, BCM5756M, BCM5764, BCM5784M,
BCM5788, BCM5906, Broadcom 5906M, BROADCOM 5787M, Broadcom 5752)
AUDIO SOUND CHIP
( AD1881A, AD1981B, AD1981HD, AD1984JCP, AD1986A,ALC 250,
ALC 262, ALC 268, ALC 272, ALC200, ALC202, ALC260, ALC268,ALC269, ALC650, ALC655,
ALC660, ALC861, ALC880, ALC861, ALC883,ALC885/889, ALC888, AMC97,
Codec_IDT9271B7,CS4202, CS4299, CS4624, CX20468-31, CX20549-12, CX20561,
ES1988, G1431Q,CX20468-31,ALC268, ALC882, ALC883, ALC663, RTL 250, RTL 250,
STAC 9228, STAC9200,STAC9205, STAC9228, STAC9228/92HD73C, STAC9721, STAC9750,
STAC9751,Intel 82566MM, BCM5906, BCM4401, MARVEL8040, Marvell 88E8039, NS83816,
PI3L500ZFEX)
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
(MAX1617, MAX1020A, AD1030A, CM8500 MAX1989 DS1620)
BIOS section
Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP
(74CBT3383, ALPRS355B, ASMP3APG1E8, ASMP3APG1E8,C9827,CK
408,CK410M,CK505,CS950810,CS954217,CS9LPRS476,CY28346
,ICS950810,CY28411/ICS95420,CY28547,CY28548,ICS 9248-195,ICS 94239, ICS
950806,ICS 951412,ICS 954226,ICS 954306,ICS 954310,ICS 9LPR365,ICS 9LPR502,ICS
9LPR600,ICS 9LPRS355,ICS 9LPRS365,ICS 9LPRS480BKLTF,ICS 9LPRS502, ICS CK410,
ICS/9LPR363, ICS ICS954218, ICS9250-38, ICS945306,ICS950223, ICS950815,
ICS951402, ICS951411, ICS951413, ICS951461, ICS951462, ICS951463, ICS953805,
ICS954201, ICS954201BG-T/CY28411, ICS954206, ICS954213, ICS954226, ICS954301,
ICS954305, ICS954309, ICS95461, ICS9LP306, ICS9LPR316, ICS9LPR363,
ICS9LPRS325,ICS9LPRS355,ICS9LPRS365,ICS9LPRS387,ICS9LPRS476,ICSRTM875T,IDT
CV125,IDTCV137,IMISG556B,MLF68,PI6C410M,RS200M, RTM865-300, RTM875N,
RTM880N-795, RTS5158E, SKT638S1, SLG84450, SLG8LP554, SLG8SP510, SLG8SP512,
SLG8SP513, SLG8SP553, SLG8SP553V)
COM PORT CHIP:-
(MAX3243, MAX213, ADM213, HIN213, SP3243, MC145583
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL :-
(MAXl522/MAXl523/MAXl524 OZ960,)
Primary voltage 5V 3V
(ACES 88069-1600A, FDS6680, ICS950810, ISL6225, ISL6236,
ISL6237,MAX1 902EAI_SSOP28, MAX190, MAX1977, max1980, MAX1999, MAX8734,
MAX8743, MAX8744, MAX8778, MIC5235, PC87383, RPC87383, RT8206, RT9026, SC1403,
SL4435, SL6236, SN0608098,TPS51020, TPS51120, TPA51125, TPS2231, TPS51020,
TPS51029, TPS51100, TPS51221)
Secondary voltage 2.5, 1.8V
APL5331,APL5912, APW7057KC, BCP69-16, BD3550,
BQ24703,CM6582, CS951402AG, EMC4002, FAN5234, FDC 602P, G2997, G965,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6228, ISL6236, ISL6262A, ISL88550, LM317, LTC1871, TC3728,MAX1715, MAX1510,
MAX1589, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714, MAX175,MAX1806, MAX1844, MAX1845,
MAX1992, MAX1993, MAX1999, MAX8550,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8743, MAX8778,
MIC37101, MIC5219B, MIC5258, NPC5214,PS51124, RT9025, SC1486, SC338a, SC411,
SL4465, SL6225,T51124, TPS5130, TPS51020, TPS51124, TI51116, TPS51117, PS51120,
TPS5116, TPS5130
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V
(AGP-M10/11, APL5331, APL5930, APW7057, APWP7A0G5E7, BD4175,
CM2843,CM3718, CM8562, FDS6690AS, G2997F6U, G957, G971,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6262A, LM2728, LMS5258, LTC1772, LTC3728, MAX 1993,MAX1 902, MAX1540,
MAX1544, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714,
MAX1715, MAX1718, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992A, MAX8578,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8725, MAX8736, MAX8743,
MAX8743, max8778,MAX8873, MAX8873, MIC5219B, NDS8425, PS51124, RT8204,
RT9026,SC1485, SC338a, SC411, SC412A, SC415, SC4215, SC483, SC486, SI4465,
SN0508073P,TPS51124, TPS51100, TPS51124, TPS5117, TPS5130, TPS51483, VT351)
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module
(74CBT3383, ADP3208, ADP3203, ADP3205, ADP3207, ADP3207,
ADP3208, c8110,MAX8774, HIP6301/6302CB, MAX1987,ISL 6215, ISL6218, ISL62 27,
ISL6208, ISL6215, ISL6217, ISL6218, ISL6219, ISL6227,ISL6247, ISL6248, ISL6260,
ISL6261, ISL6262, ISL6265, ISL6266A, ISL6268, LM2729, LTC3735,MAX1987, MAX1532,
MAX1544, MAX1546, MAX17080, MAX1711, MAX1718/1887, MAX1714, MAX1887, MAX1907,
MAX6656, MAX8734, MAX8736, MAX8760, MAX8770, MAX8771, MAX8774, MAX8778,
PSAL6G2E 2151BCA-T,SC1474, SC1476, SC451, SC452, SC454, SL6266A, SL6559,
TPS51620, VT1311, VT451&VT450)
Battery charging chips
(ADP3804, ADP3806, ADP3808, BQ24701, BQ24703, BQ24720,
BQ24721, BQ24740,BQ24745, BQ24751, BQ27470ISL6228, ISL6251, ISL6255, ISL6256,
ISL88731, LM2601, LM358ADR, ltc1735MAX1535A, MAX1631, MAX1772, MAX1632,
MAX1645, MAX1772EEI, MAX1845,MAX1870, MAX1907, MAX1908ETI, MAX1909, MAX1999,
MAX8371, MAX8632MAX8724, Max8725, MAX8731, MAX8736ETL, MAX8765, MAX8774GTL,
MB3387P, MB3875 MB3887, MB39A119, MB39A126,BQ24703, BQ24721)
Mosfet
( 2951, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4435, 4502, 4503, 4506, 4508,
4684, 4704, 4788, 4802, 4812, 4824, 4835, 4856, 4900, 4856, 4404, 4435, 4800,
4814, 4856, 4825, 4836, 4914, 5130, 6676, 6690, 6900, 6986, 7821, 7832, 9435)
Block diagram of laptop motherboard
Chapter 1 Block diagrams of motherboards, understand
different chips on motherboard
Understanding block diagram of motherboard, connecting
different chip with bus. Address bus, data bus, control bus, CPU, North Bridge,
south bridge, IO controller, audio, lan etc, identify different chips on
motherboards, power supply chips,
Chapter 2 Basic working details of motherboards,
What is the basic requirement to run motherboard , power,
reset clock and software(bios) , different chip required different power and
power with different ampere also each power section generate power,
Chapter 3 A list of tools required for repairing laptops
Soldering iron, screwdriver sets, smd rework, Bga machine,
micro iron, ram cpu wifi slot tester Bios programmer, Ram slot tester,
Different Debug card, Multimeter, Cro, etc
Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop
motherboard
Chapter 4
Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards,
components difference, etc…Power supply
section, 12v 5v 3.3v pgood, pson, sus, 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power
supply,
Chapter 5 Power, reset, clock, frame stage understand
Understand how power is required for each chip and how it’s generated; what clock
frequency is required by each chip and which section generate it
Power stage of laptop motherboard
Chapter 6 Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, etc. PCU MAIN
SUS POWER
How many types of power, how primary voltage is 5v pcu 3.3v
pcu voltage generated from 18v vin , When 5v main and 3.3v main start, when
secondary voltages generated 2.5v and 1.5v generate from 18v , When ram power
supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start, when CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power
supply from VRM section
Chapter 7 How a motherboard starts basic concepts /
Different power stage (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), discharge section, on. off
section
What is process after power supplies reach each chip? When
reset signals start? When power good generate? When motherboard starts to
searching bios,how many types of power stage is there? What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3
,s4 ,s5 power status , what is different between standby, hibernate mode ,
which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage, When discharge
section works, what is the function work of discharging section, Sequence of
motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure
Chapter 8 MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
How to check mosfet? How source and drain are managed by gate
signals? What is dual and single smd mosfet? What is the function of mosfet in
power supply? How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single? How to
replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet? Mosfet used in VRM, switching
power supply, linear output etc example
Chapter 9 Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop
motherboard (Compaq v2000/dv1000)
(3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)
Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips
Chapter 10 Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing ,
with different chips and signals detail
Understanding whole block diagram thru schematic diagram with page no
CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what are the important signals of
CPU? Understand basic signals of CPU, CPU different power vcccore, connection
of CPU with other chips.
NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge,
Northbridge different power supply, connection with different chips
GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why
graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types of
graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM,
understand basic signals of Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with
north bridge
SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is basic function of south bridge,
Southbridge different power supply, connection with different chips,
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain power control chip in some
models, connection and function of i/o chips
LAN NETWORK CHIP :-
Function of network chip, connection of network chip
AUDIO SOUND CHIP :-
Function of sound audio chip, connection of sound chips
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :-
Type of bios chip , main signals of bios chip, connection with i/o &
southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscillate
frequency to different chip, main signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-
Chapter 11 different power supply chips and signal detail
ALWAYS POWER ON :-
pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
PRIMARY VOLTAGE :-
5V 3V sus , main,
so,,s3, Power
SECONDARY VOLTAGE
:- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus
, main , so s3 s4 power
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm
chip measure vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery
chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing signals of battery
[/accordion]
Chapter 12 LCD & inverter connection
Main signals of LCD, connection from north bridge, how
inverter work, main signals of inverter, use of universal inverter,
[/accordion]
Different power supply section and working detail
Chapter 13 Main PCU voltage signals (always on voltage )
Testing and working of main pcu voltage output, main signals
of pcu voltage, supply of pcu voltage to other chips, different between MAIN
& SUS voltage
Chapter 14 Primary voltage output MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v)
How primary voltage is generated? Main signals of primary
voltage MAIN/SUS, supply of main voltage to different chip
Chapter 15 Secondary voltage output SUS MAIN (2.5v,1.5v)\
How secondary voltage output is generated? Main signals of
secondary voltage
Chapter 16 VRM section & pci Reset signals
How VRM section start, how identify about CPU types, vid
signals, when pci reset signals start, power good signals, etc
Motherboard main signals and power detail
Chapter 17 Power stages of other laptop motherboards main
signals
Understand power on concept of HP LAPTOP motherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR
3DE-PWR PWR-S5- EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW
RSMRST-SB #3 \; z7 o# m8 [/ `+ I& j" Y! ^2 XBT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB
PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP- S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)
Understand power on concept of Dell laptop motherboard
(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN
+, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON
+3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN, M7_MEM,
M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )
Understand power on concept of IBM laptop motherboard
(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)
Testing of motherboard signals cold and warm testing
Chapter 18 Testing with multimeter different signals
How to check all voltage of motherboard? Primary, secondary,
PCU, MAIN, SUS Volt, how to find shorting on motherboard, different test points
to check voltages.
Chapter 19 How to use CRO basic concepts , Testing with CRO
(stepwise)
Types of cro [analog digital], difference between cro, How
to connect to cro, how to use probes of cro, setting of cro, checking dc volt
thru cro, self test of cro, auto setup of cro, how to check frequency of clock
in motherboard?
Chapter 20 Testing outputs and inputs of Mosfets, testing
clock, testing reset signals
Mosfet output and input gate to check with multimeter and
cro [the difference], Checking process of clock using cro and multimeter.
Cleaning motherboard solution steps
Chapter 21 Washing, Cleaning, drying the motherboard
How to wash motherboard to clean, procedure after washing,
how to Dry the motherboard.
Dry solder problem solution steps
Other main problem occurs due to dry solder problems, some
contact of chips or component may dry, what is process? How to solve dry solder
problem, demo of baking oven to dry motherboard, heating using a hair drier,
Chapter 22 Removing and inserting different chips practice
(video & step)
Replacing different ICs, using soldering irons and smd
blower etc…
BGA rework removing and reballing of BGA chip of motherboard
Chapter 23 ICs rebelling, BGA ball arrangement, practice.,
Using BGA machine
Training Using BGA Soldering Station,
Removing BGA Chips and Rebelling It Using Reball Stencil
Two methods
1st by applying balls with help of BGA station
2nd applying liquid paste PPD and heat with BGA blower
Introduction to different BGA machines
Infrared and normal blower, introduction to 3 different
Machine we
Used low end to high end, different method of reboll a chip,
why is reballing required
1st method (inserting BGA balls using stencils)
2nd method (using a direct paste application)
Practice with BGA rebolling
Removing and inserting BGA chip practice
BGA reballing process (videos and notes)
Chapter 24 Removing bios password process notes and device
used
Dell sorting process, IBM read chip process, Hash code,
Different devices used to remove passwords
Different slot tester detail RAM, CPU, HDD etc
RAM slot tester, CPU
slot tester, WIFI slot tester , HDD slot tester, Mini PCI debug card 3in1 5in1, debug with lcd display
Chapter 25 Bios update concept common fault and solution
detail
Post code error of different debug card and bios; program
Update Bios Method USB – EXE Bios
working Detail
Chapter 26 Testing and fault finding method
debug card mini PCI 3in1, 5 in1, debug with lcd display, ,
What is process to find faults using debug card, Mini PCI debug card, Debug
cards code error list of different bios award phonex amibios etc
Chapter 27 REPAIRING TIPS AND VIDEO COLLECTION OF LAPTOP
REPAIR
Some basic videos collection with some common fault and
solution collected from other sides for reference
Chapter 28 DEMO FOR OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Introduction to module 3 syllabus, technical support, Laptop
schematic diagram collection, laptop repairing advance tips collection,
different models different problems collection, different board having
difference power chips with name, lots of service centre collection
Free with this course:
Laptop schematics diagram basic, different instrument list,
common faults list of laptop repair and laptop service manuals collection, data
sheet of chips, laptop power on sequence notes, etc
Different chip used in different section collected from
laptop schematic diagram by Intersoft institute
Northbridge chip
(1021 FCBGA,1257 BGA,1299 PCBGA,1329 FCBGA,1466 BGA,465
FCBGA,593 BGA,625 BGA, 705 BGA, 707FCBGA, 718-pin BGA, 732 BGA, 760 BGA,
82875GM/GME, 836 BGA, 855GM, 868 BGA, 910GML, 945GMS, 965GM/965PM/ 1299 Pin FBGA, ALI M1632-C, Alviso 1257 PCBGA, ATi
RC300ML, ATI RC410MB, ATI RS482M, ATIR200m, ATI-RX485M, BGA 468, BGA 732,
C51M/D, CALISTOGA, Crestline GM, CRESTLINE-GP-U, FCBGA 1299, FCBGA 1329, FCBGA
U43, FCBGA836-NVIDIA-MCP67, Intel 855GME, Intel 910GM, Intel 945pm, MCP67, GM
732 BGA, PCBGA 1257, PCBGA 1466, PM45, GM45, PM965, RC300-MD, RC410MB ATI,
RC415ME, RS600ME, RS690T FCBGA, RS780MC,
RX485 /465 FCBGA, RX781/RS780MN A12, SiS 672, SIS 756, UFCBGA – 1329, UFCBGA-1299, uFCBGA-1466,
uFCBGA-593, UFCBGA-732, uFCPGA638, Ver.:A13, 71.RC410.D0U
Graphics chip
(nf-430-n-a3,
g6150, g-6100, Spp-100-n-a3, 7200-n- a3,
g86-630-a2, 7200-b-n-a3,
7400-g-n-a3, Mcp 67MU-a2, Mcp 67M-a2,
7600-n-a2, 7600-h-n-b1, ATI IXO460,
g86-770-a2, g 7200-b-na3, gf -7200-n-a3, go 7400n a3,NVIDIA NF-SPP-100-N-A2
,NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6100-N-A2, NVIDIA
NF-7100-630I-A2, NVIDIA NF-6100-A2,NVIDIA NF-430-N-A3,NVIDIA MCP77MV-A2 ,NVIDIA
MCP77MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MD-A2,,NVIDIA MCP67M-A2,NVIDIA
MCP67D-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7900-GSN-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-N-B1 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7600-N-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-H-N-B1,NVIDIA GF-GO7400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7400-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7300-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7200-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-G07400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-G07300-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-G07200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GeForce GO6600,NVIDIA GEFORCE FX
Go5700-V,NVIDIA Geforce FX Go5700,NVIDIA GeForce FX Go5200 64mb,NVIDIA Geforce
FX Go5200,NVIDIA G96-600-A2,NVIDIA G86-770-A2,NVIDIA G86-750-A2,NVIDIA
G86-731-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-730-A2,NVIDIA G86-703-A2,NVIDIA G86-635-A2,NVIDIA
G86-631-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2,NVIDIA G84-750-A2,NVIDIA
g84-600-a2,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY chip
(TPS5116, PC4800, MAX8794 NCP5201 SC1486/SCl486A SC2616
TPS51020 ISL6520 CM8501c, ISL6224 ISL6225,)
SOUTH BRIDGE chip
(609 BGA, 352 BGA, 421 BGA, 443BX, 457 BGA, 546BGA, 549 BGA,
564 BGA, 652 BGA, 676 BGA, 82801 DBM, ALI M1535, ATA 66/100, ATI SB 450, ATi
SB200C, ATI SB450, ATI SB460, ATI-IXP150, ATI-SB200, ATI-SB460,
BCM5787MKMLG/5764M, BGA – 679, BGA
421, BGA 508, BGA-609, BGA-652, BGA-676, C9827, ICH6 609 BGA, ICH7-M 652pin
BGA, ICH8-M 676pin BGA,MBGA-609, mBGA-652, mBGA-676, MCP51, MCP67,
NB82801HBM/676 Pin BGA,NVIDIA MCP67 /MCP67D,SB150, SB460 /549 BGA, SB600,
SB700, SIS 964L, SiS 968, VT8606,)
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section)
(47N217, 82802AC, CS954217, EC ITE8510E, EC KB910L, EC
WPCE775L, ECE5028, ENE KB926, ENE3310, ENE3925, H8S – 2110B,IT8510E, ITE 8512E, ITE7805, ITE8712, KB3920
Box / KB3926, KBC PC8769L,KBC 87541V, KBC 87570,LPC 47N253, LPC47N207,
LPC47N217, LPC47N354,M38857, MEC5004, MEC5025, NC87381, NS EC87591L, NS
PC87383, PC97541, PC97551, NS87381, NS97551/87541, PC8394T, PC87382, PC87385,
PC87391, PC87392, PC87393, PC87570,ECE 5028, LPC47N227, SMC 207, SMC217, SMC972
8051, SMs FDC47N227, SMSC1122,SMsC 47N217, SMSC 5021, SMSC1070, SMSC
47N417,SMSC5025, SMSC1100L, SMSC1021, PC87381, wpc775f, WPCE773, WPC776,
WPC8763,WPC8769, WPCE773, WPCN385)
LAN NETWORK CHIP
(82573, 3945ABG, 4401E/578X/5705E, 8100C, 811C, 82550GY,
82562ET, 88E1116,88E3018, 88E8036, 88E8038 / 88E8055, 88E8039, 8E8053,
8E8071AR8121, ATheros AR8121, Atheros AR8131,B5788M, BCM 5705, BCM 5751M, BCM
5787M, BCM4401, BCM5752, BCM5753M,BCM5755M, BCM5756M, BCM5764, BCM5784M,
BCM5788, BCM5906, Broadcom 5906M, BROADCOM 5787M, Broadcom 5752)
AUDIO SOUND CHIP
( AD1881A, AD1981B, AD1981HD, AD1984JCP, AD1986A,ALC 250,
ALC 262, ALC 268, ALC 272, ALC200, ALC202, ALC260, ALC268,ALC269, ALC650,
ALC655, ALC660, ALC861, ALC880, ALC861, ALC883,ALC885/889, ALC888, AMC97,
Codec_IDT9271B7,CS4202, CS4299, CS4624, CX20468-31, CX20549-12, CX20561,
ES1988, G1431Q,CX20468-31,ALC268, ALC882, ALC883, ALC663, RTL 250, RTL 250,
STAC 9228, STAC9200,STAC9205, STAC9228, STAC9228/92HD73C, STAC9721, STAC9750,
STAC9751,Intel 82566MM, BCM5906, BCM4401, MARVEL8040, Marvell 88E8039, NS83816,
PI3L500ZFEX)
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
(MAX1617, MAX1020A, AD1030A, CM8500 MAX1989 DS1620)
BIOS section
Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP
(74CBT3383, ALPRS355B, ASMP3APG1E8, ASMP3APG1E8,C9827,CK
408,CK410M,CK505,CS950810,CS954217,CS9LPRS476,CY28346
,ICS950810,CY28411/ICS95420,CY28547,CY28548,ICS 9248-195,ICS 94239, ICS
950806,ICS 951412,ICS 954226,ICS 954306,ICS 954310,ICS 9LPR365,ICS 9LPR502,ICS
9LPR600,ICS 9LPRS355,ICS 9LPRS365,ICS 9LPRS480BKLTF,ICS 9LPRS502, ICS CK410,
ICS/9LPR363, ICS ICS954218, ICS9250-38, ICS945306,ICS950223, ICS950815,
ICS951402, ICS951411, ICS951413, ICS951461, ICS951462, ICS951463, ICS953805,
ICS954201, ICS954201BG-T/CY28411, ICS954206, ICS954213, ICS954226, ICS954301,
ICS954305, ICS954309, ICS95461, ICS9LP306, ICS9LPR316, ICS9LPR363,
ICS9LPRS325,ICS9LPRS355,ICS9LPRS365,ICS9LPRS387,ICS9LPRS476,ICSRTM875T,IDT
CV125,IDTCV137,IMISG556B,MLF68,PI6C410M,RS200M, RTM865-300, RTM875N,
RTM880N-795, RTS5158E, SKT638S1, SLG84450, SLG8LP554, SLG8SP510, SLG8SP512,
SLG8SP513, SLG8SP553, SLG8SP553V)
COM PORT CHIP:-
(MAX3243, MAX213, ADM213, HIN213, SP3243, MC145583
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL :-
(MAXl522/MAXl523/MAXl524 OZ960,)
Primary voltage 5V 3V
(ACES 88069-1600A, FDS6680, ICS950810, ISL6225, ISL6236,
ISL6237,MAX1 902EAI_SSOP28, MAX190, MAX1977, max1980, MAX1999, MAX8734,
MAX8743, MAX8744, MAX8778, MIC5235, PC87383, RPC87383, RT8206, RT9026, SC1403,
SL4435, SL6236, SN0608098,TPS51020, TPS51120, TPA51125, TPS2231, TPS51020,
TPS51029, TPS51100, TPS51221)
Secondary voltage 2.5, 1.8V
APL5331,APL5912, APW7057KC, BCP69-16, BD3550,
BQ24703,CM6582, CS951402AG, EMC4002, FAN5234, FDC 602P, G2997, G965,ISL6225,
ISL6227, ISL6228, ISL6236, ISL6262A, ISL88550, LM317, LTC1871, TC3728,MAX1715,
MAX1510, MAX1589, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714, MAX175,MAX1806, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992, MAX1993, MAX1999, MAX8550,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8743, MAX8778,
MIC37101, MIC5219B, MIC5258, NPC5214,PS51124, RT9025, SC1486, SC338a, SC411,
SL4465, SL6225,T51124, TPS5130, TPS51020, TPS51124, TI51116, TPS51117, PS51120,
TPS5116, TPS5130
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V
(AGP-M10/11, APL5331, APL5930, APW7057, APWP7A0G5E7, BD4175,
CM2843,CM3718, CM8562, FDS6690AS, G2997F6U, G957, G971,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6262A, LM2728, LMS5258, LTC1772, LTC3728, MAX 1993,MAX1 902, MAX1540,
MAX1544, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714,
MAX1715, MAX1718, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992A, MAX8578,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8725, MAX8736, MAX8743,
MAX8743, max8778,MAX8873, MAX8873, MIC5219B, NDS8425, PS51124, RT8204,
RT9026,SC1485, SC338a, SC411, SC412A, SC415, SC4215, SC483, SC486, SI4465,
SN0508073P,TPS51124, TPS51100, TPS51124, TPS5117, TPS5130, TPS51483, VT351)
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module
(74CBT3383, ADP3208, ADP3203, ADP3205, ADP3207, ADP3207,
ADP3208, c8110,MAX8774, HIP6301/6302CB, MAX1987,ISL 6215, ISL6218, ISL62 27,
ISL6208, ISL6215, ISL6217, ISL6218, ISL6219, ISL6227,ISL6247, ISL6248, ISL6260,
ISL6261, ISL6262, ISL6265, ISL6266A, ISL6268, LM2729, LTC3735,MAX1987, MAX1532,
MAX1544, MAX1546, MAX17080, MAX1711, MAX1718/1887, MAX1714, MAX1887, MAX1907,
MAX6656, MAX8734, MAX8736, MAX8760, MAX8770, MAX8771, MAX8774, MAX8778,
PSAL6G2E 2151BCA-T,SC1474, SC1476, SC451, SC452, SC454, SL6266A, SL6559,
TPS51620, VT1311, VT451&VT450)
Battery charging chips
(ADP3804, ADP3806, ADP3808, BQ24701, BQ24703, BQ24720,
BQ24721, BQ24740,BQ24745, BQ24751, BQ27470ISL6228, ISL6251, ISL6255, ISL6256,
ISL88731, LM2601, LM358ADR, ltc1735MAX1535A, MAX1631, MAX1772, MAX1632,
MAX1645, MAX1772EEI, MAX1845,MAX1870, MAX1907, MAX1908ETI, MAX1909, MAX1999,
MAX8371, MAX8632MAX8724, Max8725, MAX8731, MAX8736ETL, MAX8765, MAX8774GTL,
MB3387P, MB3875 MB3887, MB39A119, MB39A126,BQ24703, BQ24721)
Mosfet
( 2951, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4435, 4502, 4503, 4506, 4508,
4684, 4704, 4788, 4802, 4812, 4824, 4835, 4856, 4900, 4856, 4404, 4435, 4800,
4814, 4856, 4825, 4836, 4914, 5130, 6676, 6690, 6900, 6986, 7821, 7832, 9435)
Chapter 1 Block diagrams of motherboards, understand
different chips on motherboard
Understanding block diagram of motherboard, connecting
different chip with bus. Address bus, data bus, control bus, CPU, North Bridge,
south bridge, IO controller, audio, lan etc, identify different chips on
motherboards, power supply chips,
Chapter 2 Basic working details of motherboards,
What is the basic requirement to run motherboard , power,
reset clock and software(bios) , different chip required different power and
power with different ampere also each power section generate power,
Chapter 3 A list of tools required for repairing laptops
Soldering iron, screwdriver sets, smd rework, Bga machine, micro
iron, ram cpu wifi slot tester Bios programmer, Ram slot tester, Different
Debug card, Multimeter, Cro, etc
Basic difference between laptop motherboard and desktop
motherboard
Chapter 4
Basic differences between laptop and desktop motherboards,
components difference, etc…Power supply
section, 12v 5v 3.3v pgood, pson, sus, 2,5v 1,5 vcccore, clock, bios, cpu power
supply,
Chapter 5 Power, reset, clock, frame stage understand
Understand how power is required for each chip and how it’s generated; what clock
frequency is required by each chip and which section generate it
Power stage of laptop motherboard
Chapter 6 Primary powers, secondary, RAM VRM, etc. PCU MAIN
SUS POWER
How many types of power, how primary voltage is 5v pcu 3.3v
pcu voltage generated from 18v vin , When 5v main and 3.3v main start, when
secondary voltages generated 2.5v and 1.5v generate from 18v , When ram power
supply 1.8/ 2.5/ 1.5 v start, when CPU gets vcccore supply with 25 ampere power
supply from VRM section
Chapter 7 How a motherboard starts basic concepts /
Different power stage (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), discharge section, on. off
section
What is process after power supplies reach each chip? When
reset signals start? When power good generate? When motherboard starts to
searching bios,how many types of power stage is there? What is s0 ,s1 ,s2 ,s3
,s4 ,s5 power status , what is different between standby, hibernate mode ,
which chip gets what power in standby, hibernate, on, off stage, When discharge
section works, what is the function work of discharging section, Sequence of
motherboard on/off, how motherboard switches on procedure
Chapter 8 MOSFETS & USED, SWITHCHING AND REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
How to check mosfet? How source and drain are managed by
gate signals? What is dual and single smd mosfet? What is the function of
mosfet in power supply? How to find about mosfet whether it is dual or single?
How to replace mosfet with other equivalent mosfet? Mosfet used in VRM,
switching power supply, linear output etc example
Chapter 9 Understand Power on Stages signals of laptop
motherboard (Compaq v2000/dv1000)
(3VPCU, 5VPCU , +5V, +3V 5VSUS, 3V SUS, NBSWON#, DNBSWON#
SUSC# SUSB#, SUSON, MAINON, VRON S5_ON, HWPG, POWERGOOD, VCCP, VCORE
SMDDR_VTERM, PWROK, RSMRST, PCIRST,CPUINIT,CPUPG, CLK_EN# CPURST)
Different section of laptop motherboard with different chips
Chapter 10 Understanding laptop schematic diagram tracing ,
with different chips and signals detail
Understanding whole block diagram thru schematic
diagram with page no
CPU section (INTEL, AMD,) what are the important signals of
CPU? Understand basic signals of CPU, CPU different power vcccore, connection
of CPU with other chips.
NORTH BRIDGE, :- understand basic signals of north bridge,
Northbridge different power supply, connection with different chips
GRAPHICS CHIP :- Why
graphics chip used, what problem created by graphics chip, mainly types of
graphics chips, nvdia, ati,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY :- Important signals of RAM,
understand basic signals of Ram, Ram different power supply, connection with
north bridge
SOUTH BRIDGE ;- What is basic function of south bridge,
Southbridge different power supply, connection with different chips,
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section) :- Main signals of i/o chip, i/o chip contain power control chip in some
models, connection and function of i/o chips
LAN NETWORK CHIP :-
Function of network chip, connection of network chip
AUDIO SOUND CHIP :-
Function of sound audio chip, connection of sound chips
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
BIOS section :- Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm :-
Type of bios chip , main signals of bios chip, connection with i/o &
southbridge signals, cmos battery power supply to bios chip ,
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP :- Clock generator chip oscillate
frequency to different chip, main signals of clock chips,
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL:-
Chapter 11 different power supply chips and signal detail
ALWAYS POWER ON :-
pcu, main, S5 power , aux etc
PRIMARY VOLTAGE :-
5V 3V sus , main,
so,,s3, Power
SECONDARY VOLTAGE
:- 2.5, 1.8V sus main, so, s3, s4 power
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V , sus
, main , so s3 s4 power
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module :- Main signals of vrm chip Function of vrm
chip measure vrm input and output signals, VRON, PGOOD ETC
Battery charging :- Pinout of battery connection, battery
chip, important signals of battery chip, tracing signals of battery
[/accordion]
Chapter 12 LCD & inverter connection
Main signals of LCD, connection from north bridge, how
inverter work, main signals of inverter, use of universal inverter,
[/accordion]
Different power supply section and working detail
Chapter 13 Main PCU voltage signals (always on voltage )
Testing and working of main pcu voltage output, main signals
of pcu voltage, supply of pcu voltage to other chips, different between MAIN
& SUS voltage
Chapter 14 Primary voltage output MAIN SUS (5v,3.3v)
How primary voltage is generated? Main signals of primary
voltage MAIN/SUS, supply of main voltage to different chip
Chapter 15 Secondary voltage output SUS MAIN (2.5v,1.5v)\
How secondary voltage output is generated? Main signals of
secondary voltage
Chapter 16 VRM section & pci Reset signals
How VRM section start, how identify about CPU types, vid
signals, when pci reset signals start, power good signals, etc
Motherboard main signals and power detail
Chapter 17 Power stages of other laptop motherboards main
signals
Understand power on concept of HP LAPTOP motherboard
(Compaq AD-OFF DCBATOUT TO_SYS. ACAVIN PWR_S5_EN 5V-PWR
3DE-PWR PWR-S5- EN 5V-PWR 3D3-PWR +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW, +5 VALW +3 VALW
RSMRST-SB #3 \; z7 o# m8 [/ `+ I& j" Y! ^2 XBT-TH # PWR_BTN PWBTN-SB
PM-SLP-S3 # PM_SLP- S4 ALL-PWRGD VR ON PM-PWPOK CPU PG PLT-RST)
Understand power on concept of Dell laptop motherboard
(+ RTC_PWR5V & + RTC_PWR3_3V, + RTCSRC, (PWR_SRC) DCIN
+, + DC_IN, SDC_IN +, ACAV_IN (+5 VALW & +3 VALW) LIVE_ON_BATT . power good
VCC1_PWROK +5 VSUS & +3 VSUS +2 _5VSUS & +1 _5VSUS PWRSW_SIO # SUS_ON
+3 VSRC SUSPWROK_5V RUN_ON +5 VRUN, +3 VRUN, +1 _8VRUN, +1 _5V RUN, M7_MEM,
M7_CORE, M7_1.8V SMDDR_VTERM 1.25V RUNPWROK CPU VTT VCC1_2_MCH RESET_OUT #
VCORE_PWRGOOD, 1715PWROK, IMVP_PWRGD CPUPWRGD SLP_S1 # IMVP_PWRGD VTT_PWRGD #
DELAY_IMVP_PWRGD )
Understand power on concept of IBM laptop motherboard
(VREGIN16, VINT16 VCC3SW , VCC5M , VCC3M , VCC1R2M VCC1R8M,
MPWRGD, VCC3B, VCCCPUCORE for CPU, VBAT, DC –IN,
VCC5B, VCC3A, VCC3B, VCC3P, VCC1R8A, VCC1R8B, VCC1R2A, VCC1R2B, VCC2R5A,
VCCVIDEOCORE, VCCCPUIO, VCCCPUCORE)
Testing of motherboard signals cold and warm testing
Chapter 18 Testing with multimeter different signals
How to check all voltage of motherboard? Primary, secondary,
PCU, MAIN, SUS Volt, how to find shorting on motherboard, different test points
to check voltages.
Chapter 19 How to use CRO basic concepts , Testing with CRO
(stepwise)
Types of cro [analog digital], difference between cro, How
to connect to cro, how to use probes of cro, setting of cro, checking dc volt
thru cro, self test of cro, auto setup of cro, how to check frequency of clock
in motherboard?
Chapter 20 Testing outputs and inputs of Mosfets, testing
clock, testing reset signals
Mosfet output and input gate to check with multimeter and
cro [the difference], Checking process of clock using cro and multimeter.
Cleaning motherboard solution steps
Chapter 21 Washing, Cleaning, drying the motherboard
How to wash motherboard to clean, procedure after washing,
how to Dry the motherboard.
Dry solder problem solution steps
Other main problem occurs due to dry solder problems, some
contact of chips or component may dry, what is process? How to solve dry solder
problem, demo of baking oven to dry motherboard, heating using a hair drier,
Chapter 22 Removing and inserting different chips practice
(video & step)
Replacing different ICs, using soldering irons and smd
blower etc…
BGA rework removing and reballing of BGA chip of motherboard
Chapter 23 ICs rebelling, BGA ball arrangement, practice.,
Using BGA machine
Training Using BGA Soldering Station,
Removing BGA Chips and Rebelling It Using Reball Stencil
Two methods
1st by applying balls with help of BGA station
2nd applying liquid paste PPD and heat with BGA blower
Introduction to different BGA machines
Infrared and normal blower, introduction to 3 different
Machine we
Used low end to high end, different method of reboll a chip,
why is reballing required
1st method (inserting BGA balls using stencils)
2nd method (using a direct paste application)
Practice with BGA rebolling
Removing and inserting BGA chip practice
BGA reballing process (videos and notes)
Chapter 24 Removing bios password process notes and device
used
Dell sorting process, IBM read chip process, Hash code,
Different devices used to remove passwords
Different slot tester detail RAM, CPU, HDD etc
RAM slot tester, CPU
slot tester, WIFI slot tester , HDD slot tester, Mini PCI debug card 3in1 5in1, debug with lcd display
Chapter 25 Bios update concept common fault and solution
detail
Post code error of different debug card and bios; program
Update Bios Method USB – EXE Bios
working Detail
Chapter 26 Testing and fault finding method
debug card mini PCI 3in1, 5 in1, debug with lcd display, ,
What is process to find faults using debug card, Mini PCI debug card, Debug
cards code error list of different bios award phonex amibios etc
Chapter 27 REPAIRING TIPS AND VIDEO COLLECTION OF LAPTOP
REPAIR
Some basic videos collection with some common fault and
solution collected from other sides for reference
Chapter 28 DEMO FOR OTHER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE FOR SALE
Introduction to module 3 syllabus, technical support, Laptop
schematic diagram collection, laptop repairing advance tips collection,
different models different problems collection, different board having
difference power chips with name, lots of service centre collection
Free with this course:
Laptop schematics diagram basic, different instrument list,
common faults list of laptop repair and laptop service manuals collection, data
sheet of chips, laptop power on sequence notes, etc
Different chip used in different section collected from
laptop schematic diagram by Intersoft institute
Northbridge chip
(1021 FCBGA,1257 BGA,1299 PCBGA,1329 FCBGA,1466 BGA,465
FCBGA,593 BGA,625 BGA, 705 BGA, 707FCBGA, 718-pin BGA, 732 BGA, 760 BGA,
82875GM/GME, 836 BGA, 855GM, 868 BGA, 910GML, 945GMS, 965GM/965PM/ 1299 Pin FBGA, ALI M1632-C, Alviso 1257 PCBGA, ATi
RC300ML, ATI RC410MB, ATI RS482M, ATIR200m, ATI-RX485M, BGA 468, BGA 732,
C51M/D, CALISTOGA, Crestline GM, CRESTLINE-GP-U, FCBGA 1299, FCBGA 1329, FCBGA
U43, FCBGA836-NVIDIA-MCP67, Intel 855GME, Intel 910GM, Intel 945pm, MCP67, GM
732 BGA, PCBGA 1257, PCBGA 1466, PM45, GM45, PM965, RC300-MD, RC410MB ATI,
RC415ME, RS600ME, RS690T FCBGA, RS780MC,
RX485 /465 FCBGA, RX781/RS780MN A12, SiS 672, SIS 756, UFCBGA – 1329, UFCBGA-1299,
uFCBGA-1466, uFCBGA-593, UFCBGA-732, uFCPGA638, Ver.:A13, 71.RC410.D0U
Graphics chip
(nf-430-n-a3,
g6150, g-6100, Spp-100-n-a3, 7200-n- a3,
g86-630-a2, 7200-b-n-a3,
7400-g-n-a3, Mcp 67MU-a2, Mcp 67M-a2,
7600-n-a2, 7600-h-n-b1, ATI IXO460,
g86-770-a2, g 7200-b-na3, gf -7200-n-a3, go 7400n a3,NVIDIA NF-SPP-100-N-A2
,NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6150-N-A2, NVIDIA NF-G6100-N-A2, NVIDIA
NF-7100-630I-A2, NVIDIA NF-6100-A2,NVIDIA NF-430-N-A3,NVIDIA MCP77MV-A2 ,NVIDIA
MCP77MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MV-A2,NVIDIA MCP67MD-A2,,NVIDIA MCP67M-A2,NVIDIA
MCP67D-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7900-GSN-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-N-B1 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7600-N-A2,NVIDIA GF-GO7600-H-N-B1,NVIDIA GF-GO7400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7400-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7300-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-GO7200-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-GO7200-B-N-A3,NVIDIA GF-G07400-N-A3 ,NVIDIA
GF-G07300-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GF-G07200-N-A3 ,NVIDIA GeForce GO6600,NVIDIA GEFORCE FX
Go5700-V,NVIDIA Geforce FX Go5700,NVIDIA GeForce FX Go5200 64mb,NVIDIA Geforce
FX Go5200,NVIDIA G96-600-A2,NVIDIA G86-770-A2,NVIDIA G86-750-A2,NVIDIA G86-731-A2
,NVIDIA G86-730-A2,NVIDIA G86-703-A2,NVIDIA G86-635-A2,NVIDIA G86-631-A2
,NVIDIA G86-630-A2 ,NVIDIA G86-630-A2,NVIDIA G84-750-A2,NVIDIA g84-600-a2,
RAM MEMORY POWER
SUPPLY chip
(TPS5116, PC4800, MAX8794 NCP5201 SC1486/SCl486A SC2616
TPS51020 ISL6520 CM8501c, ISL6224 ISL6225,)
SOUTH BRIDGE chip
(609 BGA, 352 BGA, 421 BGA, 443BX, 457 BGA, 546BGA, 549 BGA,
564 BGA, 652 BGA, 676 BGA, 82801 DBM, ALI M1535, ATA 66/100, ATI SB 450, ATi
SB200C, ATI SB450, ATI SB460, ATI-IXP150, ATI-SB200, ATI-SB460,
BCM5787MKMLG/5764M, BGA – 679, BGA
421, BGA 508, BGA-609, BGA-652, BGA-676, C9827, ICH6 609 BGA, ICH7-M 652pin
BGA, ICH8-M 676pin BGA,MBGA-609, mBGA-652, mBGA-676, MCP51, MCP67,
NB82801HBM/676 Pin BGA,NVIDIA MCP67 /MCP67D,SB150, SB460 /549 BGA, SB600, SB700,
SIS 964L, SiS 968, VT8606,)
I/O CONTROLLER (power chip control section)
(47N217, 82802AC, CS954217, EC ITE8510E, EC KB910L, EC
WPCE775L, ECE5028, ENE KB926, ENE3310, ENE3925, H8S – 2110B,IT8510E, ITE 8512E, ITE7805, ITE8712, KB3920
Box / KB3926, KBC PC8769L,KBC 87541V, KBC 87570,LPC 47N253, LPC47N207,
LPC47N217, LPC47N354,M38857, MEC5004, MEC5025, NC87381, NS EC87591L, NS
PC87383, PC97541, PC97551, NS87381, NS97551/87541, PC8394T, PC87382, PC87385,
PC87391, PC87392, PC87393, PC87570,ECE 5028, LPC47N227, SMC 207, SMC217, SMC972
8051, SMs FDC47N227, SMSC1122,SMsC 47N217, SMSC 5021, SMSC1070, SMSC
47N417,SMSC5025, SMSC1100L, SMSC1021, PC87381, wpc775f, WPCE773, WPC776,
WPC8763,WPC8769, WPCE773, WPCN385)
LAN NETWORK CHIP
(82573, 3945ABG, 4401E/578X/5705E, 8100C, 811C, 82550GY,
82562ET, 88E1116,88E3018, 88E8036, 88E8038 / 88E8055, 88E8039, 8E8053,
8E8071AR8121, ATheros AR8121, Atheros AR8131,B5788M, BCM 5705, BCM 5751M, BCM
5787M, BCM4401, BCM5752, BCM5753M,BCM5755M, BCM5756M, BCM5764, BCM5784M, BCM5788,
BCM5906, Broadcom 5906M, BROADCOM 5787M, Broadcom 5752)
AUDIO SOUND CHIP
( AD1881A, AD1981B, AD1981HD, AD1984JCP, AD1986A,ALC 250,
ALC 262, ALC 268, ALC 272, ALC200, ALC202, ALC260, ALC268,ALC269, ALC650,
ALC655, ALC660, ALC861, ALC880, ALC861, ALC883,ALC885/889, ALC888, AMC97,
Codec_IDT9271B7,CS4202, CS4299, CS4624, CX20468-31, CX20549-12, CX20561,
ES1988, G1431Q,CX20468-31,ALC268, ALC882, ALC883, ALC663, RTL 250, RTL 250,
STAC 9228, STAC9200,STAC9205, STAC9228, STAC9228/92HD73C, STAC9721, STAC9750, STAC9751,Intel
82566MM, BCM5906, BCM4401, MARVEL8040, Marvell 88E8039, NS83816, PI3L500ZFEX)
CPU TEMPERATURE CONTROL :-
(MAX1617, MAX1020A, AD1030A, CM8500 MAX1989 DS1620)
BIOS section
Award, phonix, amibios,compaq, ibm
CLOCK GENERATOR CHIP
(74CBT3383, ALPRS355B, ASMP3APG1E8, ASMP3APG1E8,C9827,CK
408,CK410M,CK505,CS950810,CS954217,CS9LPRS476,CY28346
,ICS950810,CY28411/ICS95420,CY28547,CY28548,ICS 9248-195,ICS 94239, ICS
950806,ICS 951412,ICS 954226,ICS 954306,ICS 954310,ICS 9LPR365,ICS 9LPR502,ICS
9LPR600,ICS 9LPRS355,ICS 9LPRS365,ICS 9LPRS480BKLTF,ICS 9LPRS502, ICS CK410,
ICS/9LPR363, ICS ICS954218, ICS9250-38, ICS945306,ICS950223, ICS950815,
ICS951402, ICS951411, ICS951413, ICS951461, ICS951462, ICS951463, ICS953805,
ICS954201, ICS954201BG-T/CY28411, ICS954206, ICS954213, ICS954226, ICS954301,
ICS954305, ICS954309, ICS95461, ICS9LP306, ICS9LPR316, ICS9LPR363,
ICS9LPRS325,ICS9LPRS355,ICS9LPRS365,ICS9LPRS387,ICS9LPRS476,ICSRTM875T,IDT
CV125,IDTCV137,IMISG556B,MLF68,PI6C410M,RS200M, RTM865-300, RTM875N, RTM880N-795,
RTS5158E, SKT638S1, SLG84450, SLG8LP554, SLG8SP510, SLG8SP512, SLG8SP513,
SLG8SP553, SLG8SP553V)
COM PORT CHIP:-
(MAX3243, MAX213, ADM213, HIN213, SP3243, MC145583
LCD BACK LIGHT CONTROL :-
(MAXl522/MAXl523/MAXl524 OZ960,)
Primary voltage 5V 3V
(ACES 88069-1600A, FDS6680, ICS950810, ISL6225, ISL6236,
ISL6237,MAX1 902EAI_SSOP28, MAX190, MAX1977, max1980, MAX1999, MAX8734,
MAX8743, MAX8744, MAX8778, MIC5235, PC87383, RPC87383, RT8206, RT9026, SC1403,
SL4435, SL6236, SN0608098,TPS51020, TPS51120, TPA51125, TPS2231, TPS51020,
TPS51029, TPS51100, TPS51221)
Secondary voltage 2.5, 1.8V
APL5331,APL5912, APW7057KC, BCP69-16, BD3550,
BQ24703,CM6582, CS951402AG, EMC4002, FAN5234, FDC 602P, G2997, G965,ISL6225,
ISL6227, ISL6228, ISL6236, ISL6262A, ISL88550, LM317, LTC1871, TC3728,MAX1715,
MAX1510, MAX1589, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714, MAX175,MAX1806, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992, MAX1993, MAX1999, MAX8550,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8743, MAX8778,
MIC37101, MIC5219B, MIC5258, NPC5214,PS51124, RT9025, SC1486, SC338a, SC411,
SL4465, SL6225,T51124, TPS5130, TPS51020, TPS51124, TI51116, TPS51117, PS51120,
TPS5116, TPS5130
OTHERS POWER
CHIP 1.2, 1.4, 1.5V
(AGP-M10/11, APL5331, APL5930, APW7057, APWP7A0G5E7, BD4175,
CM2843,CM3718, CM8562, FDS6690AS, G2997F6U, G957, G971,ISL6225, ISL6227,
ISL6262A, LM2728, LMS5258, LTC1772, LTC3728, MAX 1993,MAX1 902, MAX1540,
MAX1544, MAX1632, MAX1644/MAX1792, MAX1714,
MAX1715, MAX1718, MAX1844,
MAX1845, MAX1992A, MAX8578,MAX8632, MAX8717, MAX8725, MAX8736, MAX8743,
MAX8743, max8778,MAX8873, MAX8873, MIC5219B, NDS8425, PS51124, RT8204,
RT9026,SC1485, SC338a, SC411, SC412A, SC415, SC4215, SC483, SC486, SI4465,
SN0508073P,TPS51124, TPS51100, TPS51124, TPS5117, TPS5130, TPS51483, VT351)
Cpu core VRM voltage Regulator Module
(74CBT3383, ADP3208, ADP3203, ADP3205, ADP3207, ADP3207,
ADP3208, c8110,MAX8774, HIP6301/6302CB, MAX1987,ISL 6215, ISL6218, ISL62 27,
ISL6208, ISL6215, ISL6217, ISL6218, ISL6219, ISL6227,ISL6247, ISL6248, ISL6260,
ISL6261, ISL6262, ISL6265, ISL6266A, ISL6268, LM2729, LTC3735,MAX1987, MAX1532,
MAX1544, MAX1546, MAX17080, MAX1711, MAX1718/1887, MAX1714, MAX1887, MAX1907,
MAX6656, MAX8734, MAX8736, MAX8760, MAX8770, MAX8771, MAX8774, MAX8778,
PSAL6G2E 2151BCA-T,SC1474, SC1476, SC451, SC452, SC454, SL6266A, SL6559, TPS51620,
VT1311, VT451&VT450)
Battery charging chips
(ADP3804, ADP3806, ADP3808, BQ24701, BQ24703, BQ24720,
BQ24721, BQ24740,BQ24745, BQ24751, BQ27470ISL6228, ISL6251, ISL6255, ISL6256,
ISL88731, LM2601, LM358ADR, ltc1735MAX1535A, MAX1631, MAX1772, MAX1632,
MAX1645, MAX1772EEI, MAX1845,MAX1870, MAX1907, MAX1908ETI, MAX1909, MAX1999,
MAX8371, MAX8632MAX8724, Max8725, MAX8731, MAX8736ETL, MAX8765, MAX8774GTL,
MB3387P, MB3875 MB3887, MB39A119, MB39A126,BQ24703, BQ24721)
Mosfet
( 2951, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4435, 4502, 4503, 4506, 4508,
4684, 4704, 4788, 4802, 4812, 4824, 4835, 4856, 4900, 4856, 4404, 4435, 4800,
4814, 4856, 4825, 4836, 4914, 5130, 6676, 6690, 6900, 6986, 7821, 7832, 9435)
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